Spelled groats - a return to old Russian traditions. Polba - what is it? Benefits and harms, properties and cooking recipes Composition and presence of nutrients

Spelled is a grain crop of the cereal family. It has a brittle ear, membranous grain, color - brick red. During ripening, the ear breaks up into small spikelets with segments of the stem. During threshing, the grain from the films is not threshed. There are such types of spelled: single-tailed einkorn, wild double-grain, double-awned einkorn, Urartu wheat, spelled, macha wheat, Timofeeva.

Spelled is characterized by precocity, unpretentiousness, resistance to most fungal diseases. The structure of the ear protects it from pests, pollution, and also from moisture loss. Every three grains of spelt are wrapped in a separate scale of inedible chaff.

Grain growers have developed specific methods that can more effectively de-chaff the grain without affecting the grain itself. That is why, during harvesting and processing, all spelled are completely preserved.

How to choose spelled

When buying spelled, be sure to consider branded packaging, which must be hermetically sealed. The contents of the package must be free from foreign matter. You should also check the expiration date on the label.

When going to the store, you should remember that spelled can have other names, for example: spelled, emmer, kamut, two-grain.

How to store

In order for spelled to be better preserved, place it in an airtight container and, if possible, store it in the refrigerator.

Reflection in culture

Spelled was used as food by people from the Neolithic era. In Egypt, and even in Babylon, it was the most important cultivated cereal. Spelled was mentioned in their works by Herodotus, Homer, Columella, Theophrastus.

IN ancient civilizations Sumer, Babylonia, Egypt, spelled was used as the main wheat in the daily diet. Until the XVIII-XIX centuries. in Russia, spelled porridges were very common. Its remarkable agrarian characteristics were the reason for its immense popularity. The ears did not crumble, the stems did not fall down even with heavy rains or winds, and the whole plant as a whole did not deteriorate with pests and did not hurt. But in the 19th century, a rapid reduction in the sowing of spelled began in Russia, as the production of soft and more productive wheat expanded sharply.

Today people are starting to think about useful plant- spelt. Different countries trying to grow it in small areas, the United States pays most of its attention. Spelled is grown commercially in Dagestan.

Calorie spelled

Spelled is a high-protein, low-calorie product that contains all the essential amino acids. Modern nutritionists believe that we owe the development of most modern human diseases to the rejection of such plants as spelt. Since it was in them that the set of chromosomes familiar to the body was preserved in its original form. Spelled can be safely used in diet food, because its calorie content is only 127 kcal.

Nutritional value per 100 grams:

Useful properties of spelled

Composition and presence of nutrients

The composition of spelled is very rich in various useful substances, vitamins, macro- and microelements. This culture contains 27-37% protein. Eighteen essential valuable amino acids are contained in the gluten protein.

In comparison with ordinary wheat, spelled contains several times more magnesium, iron, zinc and vitamins, such as: B1 - thiamine, B2 - riboflavin, B6 - pyridoxine, B9 - folic, and also vitamins E and PP. Spelled also contains calcium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, selenium and manganese.

All nutrients are contained in this progenitor of wheat in a balanced form. These substances are very necessary for a person for a normal, high-quality life. They are present in the shell of the grain and in the grain itself, which guarantees the preservation of plant nutrients even after fine grinding.

Useful substances of spelled are easily dissolved, which, in turn, leads to their rapid assimilation by the human body.

Useful and medicinal properties of spelled

Regular consumption of spelt contributes to the speedy normalization of blood sugar levels, strengthening immunity, improving the functioning of the endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous and reproductive systems, and to a large extent reduces the risk of developing infectious, oncological diseases and anemia.

It should also be noted the benefits of this cereal for those suffering from gluten allergy - celiac disease. Gluten is found in wheat, barley and oats. The gluten of spelled grains basically does not cause the characteristic symptoms of this disease - allergies and digestive disorders.

A large number of coarse fibers have a positive effect on the digestion process. And in terms of the amount of protein, this culture surpasses chicken eggs. Vegetable protein is rich in amino acids not found in animal foods.

Spelled, due to the slow absorption of carbohydrates, reduces the feeling of hunger and helps to cope with excess weight. The use of this wonderful product improves blood circulation, heart function and stabilizes blood pressure.

In cooking

After nutritionists started talking about the beneficial properties of spelt, chefs began to actively prepare a wide variety of dishes from it. Today, in diet restaurants from spelled, you can find not only bread, cereals or soups, but also spelled crackers, air creams, sauces. In Italy, they prepare their favorite risotto from it, and in Iran, Turkey and India - interesting side dishes for poultry and fish. In addition to cereals and soups, cooks prepare all kinds of desserts from spelled flour.

Spelled, due to its popularity, received another name - " black caviar of cereals».

In cosmetology

Spelled is very useful for overweight people, because its unique composition includes vitamin B6, which contributes to the normal, uniform absorption of fats, as well as the removal of excess cholesterol from the body.

Dangerous properties of spelled

To date, only one contraindication to the use of spelled is known - individual intolerance to the components of the product.

One of the episodes of the Honest Chef cycle will tell you how to cook spelled with mussels and tomatoes.

Spelled is the ancestor of other cereal crops, the semi-wild parent of modern wheat. She has retained her original unique properties, since she is not prone to crossing with other species.

Currently, this grain crop has many names, such as two-grain, spelled, emmer, kamut and others. The spikes have a reddish-red hue. The taste of cereals with pleasant sweetish-nutty notes.

It is stable to various pollution and radioactive radiation, which cannot be said about the more common types of wheat.

Spelled is considered an environmentally friendly product, because it does not tolerate the presence in the soil chemical compounds and mineral fertilizers. Therefore, it does not contain harmful nitrates and carcinogens.

Because of the unique beneficial properties, spelled is called "black caviar of cereals", or "a gift of ancestors."

Spelled contains a wide range of ingredients. By the presence of vitamins and microelements, spelled is ahead of modern wheat.

It is possible to single out a high content of vegetable protein - up to 37%, a number of B, PP and E vitamins, 18 amino acids, trace elements (iron, phosphorus, copper, potassium, calcium, etc.). All these compounds are contained not only in the core of each grain, but also in its shell.

Indications for use

This variety of cereal crops is advised to be used by people:

with a weakened immune system;
overweight and obese;
the elderly;
suffering from frequent, including acute, respiratory diseases;
with diabetes;
with constant mental and physical activity and chronic overwork, fatigue;
in case of violation of the normal functioning of the intestine;
with high blood pressure;
during pregnancy.

What's the use

Due to the wide variety of components necessary for a person, the use of spelled dishes contributes to:

normalization of the intestines;
stabilization of psychological balance;
restoration of energy losses during physical and emotional stress;
getting rid of anemia;
prevention of oncological diseases;
normalization in the work of the endocrine and cardiovascular systems;
increase the elasticity of the skin;
stabilization of blood pressure;
restoration of reproductive function in men and women;
reducing the development of atherosclerosis by lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood;
minimizing the risks of developing infectious diseases;
improvement general condition organism, prevention of stress, depression, chronic malaise;
lowering blood sugar levels;
increase concentration, visual acuity, improve memory;
removal of toxins from the body.

Spelled dishes do not provoke the occurrence and development of celiac disease - an allergy to gluten, which is part of other cereals (barley, oats, wheat, rye).

In dietetics

Diets based on spelled dishes have proven themselves well. Due to the slow absorption of carbohydrates, the feeling of satiety is maintained for a long time, and the presence of B vitamins in the composition contributes to the correct and regular absorption of fats, which is especially important in the fight against excess weight. At the same time, the work of the digestive tract is getting better, toxins are removed from the body, cholesterol levels are reduced.

In cosmetology

With regular consumption of products from the mew grain, the complexion improves, the nails are strengthened, the hair structure is restored.

Spelled flour is added to various ointments and creams, making excellent skin and hair care products. To clean the skin and rejuvenate it, they use crushed cereal without additives and impurities - this is a good and, most importantly, natural scrub.

Culinary Help

Currently, spelled dishes are gaining popularity. An important role in this was played by nutritionists, who claim the incomparable benefits of cereals.

Various soups and cereals, creams and sauces are prepared from it, added to side dishes for meat and fish. Since spelled has wonderful taste properties, it is also used for making desserts, included in salads, used instead of rice when cooking pilaf and cabbage rolls. Spelled stuffed and stewed vegetables, used in conjunction with other cereals.

From the grains, high-quality flour is obtained, which, unfortunately, is rarely used in bread baking - the finished bread turns out to be tough and quickly stale.

The most popular among spelled dishes was porridge. It is traditionally prepared with water or milk. Such porridge plays an important role in the children's diet. For kids, various fruits, berries and nuts are added to the recipe.

How to choose

In the store you can find products with different names - spelled, two-grain, kamut, emmer, emmer - but you should remember that this is the same cereal. The groats should be golden in color, clean, without scales. When buying, you need to pay attention to the expiration date, production date and tightness of the package.

When choosing - an advantage for coarse grinding. Don't stop at products fast food- such spelled has already passed the heat treatment stage and has lost some of its useful qualities. In addition, these cereals often include various nutritional supplements, including synthetic vitamins, flavors and flavor enhancers.

The subtleties of storage

Groats used to be put into bags and stored in dry, dark rooms. Today it is recommended to place it in the refrigerator in an airtight container. The maximum storage period is a little more than six months. Further, spelled gradually begins to lose its beneficial features and excellent taste.

Recipes

Traditional porridge on the water

Ingredients:

2 cups of cereals;
1 liter of water (or 4 glasses);
butter;
salt and sugar to taste.

The cereal should be washed under running water in a large deep bowl. You need to do this until the water becomes clear. Drain the water.
Pour into a cooking container required amount fresh liquid. When it boils, gradually pour in the washed cereal. Cook over medium heat for about 30 minutes, stirring occasionally.
At the end of cooking, salt, add sugar to taste.

It is necessary to use porridge in a warm form, before serving, adding a piece of butter to a plate. The porridge turns out to be rich, with a wonderful creamy-nutty taste.

Porridge with fruit for a multicooker

Ingredients:

half a kilo of spelled groats;
1/2 l of milk;
a small amount of berries and fruits;
vanilla sugar.

Pour warm milk into the container of the multicooker and pour in the cereal.
Set the "Porridge" mode for half an hour.
Sprinkle the finished dish with vanilla sugar.
Arrange on a plate, forming a well in the center.
Using a blender, bring fruits and berries to a smooth consistency. Put the resulting mass into a previously formed recess.

The treat is ready!

Garnish for meat dishes in a slow cooker

Ingredients:

half a kilo of spelled groats;
a glass of walnuts;
half a kilo of mushrooms (preferably champignons);
1.5 liters of light beef broth;
1 carrot;
1 head of onion;
butter;
salt and pepper as desired.

Cut carrots, mushrooms and onions into small strips. Chop nuts finely.
Grease the container of the multicooker with oil.
Put on the bottom, observing the order: onions, carrots, mushrooms, nuts. Salt and pepper.
Set the mode "Frying" for ten minutes.
5. Pour in meat broth, add grits.
6. Switch to "Extinguishing" for half an hour.

Garnish is ready!

Before cooking dishes from spelled groats, it is advised to pre-soak it in water or milk. This is necessary so that during cooking it does not stick together and is crumbly.

Spelled has earned all kinds of praise for its useful qualities, unique composition and unusual taste. It is recommended to anyone who adheres to the principles of healthy eating in everyday life.

Diets and healthy eating 07.04.2018

Doctors never cease to remind us of the importance of including cereals in the diet. Cereals such as buckwheat, barley, oatmeal improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and saturate the body with essential nutrients and vitamins. All these cereals are well known to us since childhood, but have you heard of spelled?

Spelled is familiar to many from the children's fairy tale by A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Priest and his Worker Balda". Balda says: “I will serve you nicely, diligently and very regularly. A year for three clicks on your forehead. Give me some boiled spelt.”

And it's not for nothing that the great poet sang this mess in his fairy tale. More than two thousand years ago spelled was the progenitor of today's wheat, so it often appears in children's fairy tales and poems. Let's find out together what is the uniqueness, benefit and harm of spelled for the human body.

What is spelled

This truly unique product was first mentioned in scientific papers in the first half of the 20th century. You can also find other names for this cereal crop: spelled, emmer, two-grain. So, what is spelled groats?

For a long time it was believed that spelled is a separate variety of wheat, but this is not so. In the botanical reference book "Cultural Flora of the USSR", spelled has already been described as separate view Triticum dicoccon, which indicates that she is the progenitor from which they were bred different kinds wheat. Let's see how spelled looks in the photo.

Its grains are in many ways similar to wheat, but larger in size and the shell is protected by hard scales. Thanks to this botanical structure, spelled was protected from harsh climatic conditions, wild weeds, drought, and pests.

A bit of history

In ancient Babylon, Egypt, spelt was eaten daily. In Rus', the popularity of this cereal falls on the XVIII century. Spelled grains contain a large amount of protein, fiber, so this product was given special importance. It was believed that the one who ate spelled porridge would be strong and healthy in Mother Rus'.

Despite the ease of growing spelled, there was one significant drawback: the plant produced a small amount of grains, which, moreover, were poorly processed (cleaned, threshed). Therefore, when new varieties of wheat were bred, spelled faded into the background.

Interest in this cereal crop in Lately increased as the popularity of the wellness industry grew. Many nutritionists agree that spelled is a prime example of a plant that has retained its properties in its original form.

Today, in remote areas of Bashkiria and Dagestan, attempts by breeders to revive this cereal crop continue. In Russia, spelled can be found on the shelves of supermarkets under the trade name "kamut". This product is imported from USA.

In Italy and India, spelled received the interesting name "black caviar of cereals", which only emphasizes the importance of this cereal.

What is the main difference between spelled and wheat

Cultivated wheat contains its most useful substances in the seed coat, in the so-called bran, white flour, purified from everything, practically does not carry beneficial properties to the body, in spelled wheat, valuable substances are evenly distributed and it is difficult to eat even in crushed cereals, a priori freed from embryonic membranes. detachable protective film and more.

The protective film does not allow pesticides and radioactive elements to penetrate into the grain. There are much more vitamins and microelements in spelled than in wheat.

Chemical composition and calorie content

The growing interest in spelled is based on its chemical composition. For 100 g of cereal there are:

proteins - 15 g;
fats - 2.4 g;
carbohydrates - 70 g.

Nutritionists recommend including this high-protein product in the diet if you want to lose weight. excess weight, support physical form. This is due to the low calorie content: 338 kcal per 100 g of dry spelled. and if cooked - 127 kcal per 100 grams.

The table shows data on the calorie content of cooked spelled for the main units of measurement of its weight at home:

The benefits of spelled for our body

As already noted, spelled is often compared with ordinary wheat, but it contains several times more macro- and microelements, vitamins: iron, thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), (vitamin B9), manganese, copper . It should be noted that it contains almost the entire set of B vitamins, and this is our vision, memory, immunity.

Spelled is rich in protein! Not a single porridge can boast of this! In addition, gluten protein contains all the essential 18 amino acids that are essential for human health and cannot be obtained from animal foods.

The nutrients in the grains of this cereal crop are selected by nature in a balanced form, and when they enter the body, they are quickly dissolved and absorbed.

Nutritionists recommend using spelled dishes, since its nutrients are evenly distributed not only along the shell, but throughout the grain. This means that the benefits of spelt are preserved even with the finest grinding.

Speaking about the importance of spelled for human health, I would like to start with the fact that last years significantly increased the number of patients (especially among children preschool age), suffering from asthma, allergies. What is the uniqueness of spelled? It is this cereal that contains a small amount of gluten, which often causes the development of these autoimmune diseases.

Spelled gluten does not cause digestive disorders and is allowed for patients with celiac disease.

Useful properties for the human body

Regular consumption of spelled contributes to the normalization of the work of many internal organ systems:

reducing the risk of infectious and inflammatory diseases;
antitumor effect due to the removal of toxins and carcinogens from the body;
improvement of intestinal motility, secretion of intestinal glands, digestion due to the high fiber content in grains;
anemia prevention;
strengthening the skeletal system;
normalization of metabolic processes;
improvement of the endocrine system;
reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases: stroke, heart attack, ischemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension;
blood sugar control;
increased libido in men;
improvement of vision and condition of the skin, hair, nails;
lowering blood cholesterol.

Given the beneficial properties of spelled cereals, the range of its application is quite wide, but it is not limited to health purposes. This product has become the basis of dietary nutrition, and various cosmetic services are carried out on its basis.

Groats help to reduce weight gently and without harm to the body. Nutritionists explain this effect by the fact that this organic product is well absorbed by the body and does not cause a feeling of heaviness in the stomach. Spelled porridge is rich in complex carbohydrates, so it is slowly digested and gives a feeling of fullness for a long time, which means that after such a tomorrow there will be no desire to eat something high-calorie and “forbidden”.

It is no coincidence that spelled is called black caviar, because it is very nutritious. A small portion of cooked spelled dishes will saturate the body and prevent the feeling of hunger from appearing quickly.

This organic product contains a large amount of B vitamins, the action of which is aimed at the rapid absorption of fats, which is important when losing weight. In addition, spelled dishes improve peristalsis and the overall functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which helps in the fight against obesity.

Basic rules for use

Porridge should be boiled in water or vegetable milk to reduce calories.
It is allowed to add nuts, honey, dried fruits instead of sugar.
Nutrition should be fractional: 5-6 doses per day.
It is advisable to eat spelled dishes before lunch, as metabolic processes slow down in the evening.
Half an hour before meals, you should drink 150-200 ml of water.
Other meals should include lean varieties fish and meat, plenty of fresh vegetables.

If you follow a diet based on this cereal, you can lose up to 5 kg per week.

Let's watch a video about the benefits and possible harm spelled for the human body.

Storage features and where to buy

It is rather problematic to find spelt in supermarkets, since this product is still rare. In some stores that sell their own pastries, there are lush muffins based on this cereal crop. You can meet other names of this product: kamut, emmer, spelled, two-grain. But it's all the same grain.

You can buy spelled in specialized stores or order it online. Most often, it is sold in 4 types: cereals, flour, for sprouting, ready-made germinated sprouts. Remember that the storage conditions affect the safety of the useful properties of the product.

When purchasing, pay attention to the integrity of the packaging. There should be no impurities. It is better to buy spelled in cardboard or paper packaging. So the cereal "breathes" and retains its beneficial properties.

Store spelled in the refrigerator in a sealed glass or ceramic jar. It is undesirable to keep a package of spelled in a cabinet with other strong-smelling products, as it absorbs foreign odors. The maximum storage period is six months. You can store it in the refrigerator.

Possible harm and contraindications

Can spelled harm our body? Spelled is not recommended to be eaten by people with individual intolerance to the constituent components. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome should refrain from using this product. These are the only contraindications to consider. If you are not sure about the neutral reaction of the body to spelled, start using it in small portions, watching your well-being.

Simple spelled recipes

Nutritionists remind that the consumption rate of spelled per day is 100 g. These cereals are used to prepare cereals, casseroles, soups, pasta, served as a side dish for fish and meat dishes, used as breading. Let's look at popular spelled recipes.

Spelled porridge according to the classic recipe

You will need the following ingredients:

400 g of cereals;
one liter of water;
butter;
salt and sugar.

To begin with, rinse the cereal thoroughly until the water runs clear. Pour water into a saucepan and place on the stove. As soon as the water boils, you can pour in the washed spelt.

Cook the porridge for about 30 minutes over medium heat, stirring constantly. At the end, add butter, salt or sugar to taste. Cooked spelled porridge according to this recipe is perfect for a diet breakfast or as a side dish.

Sweet spelled porridge in a slow cooker

Now in the kitchen of every hostess there is a slow cooker, which has become a real indispensable assistant. If you do not have time to constantly monitor the cooking process, then this unit will help you out.

In order to cook spelled porridge in a slow cooker, you will need:

500 g of cereals;
500 ml of milk;
fresh berries, fruits, dried fruits.

Pour 500 ml of milk into the multicooker bowl and turn on the "Cook" mode for 10 minutes. Pour cereal into warm milk and set the “Porridge” mode for 30 minutes. Add berries, dried fruits to the finished dish. If you want to unusually serve spelled porridge for breakfast to children, try whipping raspberries, bananas, persimmons in a blender. Put the porridge on a plate and make a well in the center, into which then add the fruit puree. The treat is ready!

spelled pasta

I recommend visiting shops that specialize in healthy eating. It is there that you can find spelled pasta, which is made from ground cereals with the addition of water and table salt. As you can see, the composition is completely natural, and such a product will bring a lot of benefits. The calorie content of such pasta varies depending on the ingredients used and can be 340-370 kcal per 100 g.

Boil spelled pasta in the same way as regular wheat pasta, but pay attention to the label. Some manufacturers have different cooking times. Add a piece of butter to the finished dish, sprinkle with dill and serve.

For a heartier dish, serve it with a thick vegetable sauce. For 400 g spelled pasta you will need:

champignon mushrooms 200 g;
Bulgarian pepper 100 g;
one medium-sized bulb;
one carrot;
tablespoon tomato paste;
green onion.

Boil the pasta until tender and make the sauce. To do this, cut the vegetables into small slices. Heat vegetable oil in a skillet and add mushrooms. When the liquid boils away (after about 10 minutes), add the rest of the vegetables.

Reduce heat and continue to simmer until done. Add a tablespoon of tomato paste, 100 ml of water and simmer vegetable mix 10 minutes more. Serve the spelt pasta drizzled with a thick vegetable sauce and sprinkled with green onions.

Armenian Spelled Salad

If you want to surprise your guests, then be sure to try the salad recipe from the host of the culinary program Eat at Home, Yulia Vysotskaya.

You will need:

100 g spelled;
100 g lentils;
100 g of green beans;
50 g of feta or Adyghe cheese;
1 tomato;
a tablespoon of lemon juice;
greens: mint, cilantro, basil, parsley;
salt, ground pepper;
olive oil.

Boil the lentils according to the instructions on the label until tender. Spelled pour 100 ml of boiling water and leave for 40 minutes. Dip the string beans in boiling water for a few minutes, and then rinse with ice water.

Add to a container with cooked lentils lemon juice, 2 tablespoons of olive oil, chopped greens and green beans. Season the dish with salt, pepper to taste, add spelled and mix thoroughly. Cut the cheese into cubes and sprinkle over the salad.

Cut the tomato into thin slices and put it along the edges of the plate, and in the center - the finished salad. It remains to sprinkle everything olive oil and serve to the table. Be sure to watch the video about what kind of spelled groats is and how it is Three dishes with Starorusskaya spelled.

Application in cosmetology

With regular consumption of spelled dishes, the complexion is evened out, hair is restored, and nails are strengthened. Cosmetologists know firsthand how useful spelled is and successfully use it.

Flour from this cereal is added to face and hair masks, scrubs and body wraps are made on its basis.

Adherents traditional medicine willingly share tips on how to use spelt for cosmetic purposes at home.

Scrub

Grind three tablespoons of spelled beans in a blender or coffee grinder and mix with the same amount of ground coffee. If your skin is very sensitive and prone to rosacea, use coffee grounds. Add a spoonful of honey to the resulting mixture and mix thoroughly. Apply the scrub in circular motions, carefully working through the problem areas. To fight cellulite, add 2-3 drops of essential oil (orange, lemon, cypress, lavender, thyme).

Lifting mask

Mix a tablespoon of spelled flour with one egg and ½ tablespoon of sour cream. Apply the mask to a previously cleansed face three times a week. According to reviews, skin tone improves after one month.

Spelled is recommended by gastroenterologists and nutritionists around the world for healing as a completely natural and safe product. Be sure to try the progenitor of wheat and make sure that it is not only healthy, but also tasty.

We have such an interesting article today! I am glad that old Russian products are returning to their former popularity. This once again proves the fact that more and more people are striving for a healthy lifestyle. Spelled has been valued for many centuries for its valuable composition and beneficial properties.

Dear readers, are you familiar with this cereal? Maybe you know interesting spelled-based recipes? Be sure to share your experience and be healthy!

I suggest reading other articles about useful specks:

Product Description

Spelled, she is two-grain wheat, she is emmer (Triticum dicoccum)- a special type of wheat: spelled grain is covered with several layers of film. This is a relative of durum wheat (the one from which good spaghetti is made): both spelled and durum wheat have 28 chromosomes. Spelled is often confused with spelled(Triticum spelta), including due to the irresponsibility of producers and sellers, but this is not the same thing: spelled is another ancient plant, a relative soft wheat(from which bread is made).

Once spelled was one of the most cultivated cereals: it was grown by the peoples who inhabited the Mediterranean in ancient times; she was known in Ancient Egypt and Phoenicia. In Europe, spelled was not cultivated for a long time (unlike spelled, durum and soft wheat), but it was well known in Russia - in the Volga region and the North Caucasus. It was spelled that Pushkin's Balda loved. However, in the 20th century spelled was thoroughly forgotten even in Russia. Only in some countries - Iran, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Armenia, Morocco - porridge and flat cakes were still prepared from spelled grain.

In recent decades, this cereal has regained popularity. This is due, among other things, to the fact that in our time more and more people are found to be allergic to gluten - and, in particular, to wheat. Spelled has much less gluten than soft and durum wheat.

Spelled produces a relatively low yield compared to other types of wheat - this is one of the reasons for its low prevalence in the world. Another reason is that, unlike durum and soft wheat, the grain of traditional spelt threshed out from the ear is not clean, but together with flower and spikelet scales that have grown to it, which causes certain difficulties when grinding grains into flour. True, along with filmy spelled varieties now withdrawn naked spelled, a grain that is easily separated from the spikelet shell, so it is easier to thresh it - and the integrity of the embryo and the outer shell are not violated.

Spelled has an interesting, pronounced taste, unlike ordinary wheat flour; knowing this taste, spelled product is difficult to confuse with something. However, for the kitchen, this is a rather complicated ingredient: there is little gluten (gluten) in spelled, so it cannot be used as a 100% analogue of finely ground white wheat flour: if you cook from spelled according to standard recipes, cheesecakes will crumble, and pancakes will fall apart.

Species and varieties

Spelled (emmer, two-grain) is often confused with other types of wheat. Again, durum wheat, soft wheat, einkorn, kamut fat wheat, and spelled are other types of wheat. The spelled itself has many other names: in Georgia it is called asli; in Armenia and Azerbaijan - atchar, parinj, gatcha; in Chuvashia - pyri; in Udmurtia - take it; in Bashkiria and Tataria - borai; in Crimea - orkish, lusknitsa.

Along with the traditional membranous spelled now withdrawn gymnosperm, the grains of which are easier to separate from the spikelet shell. Accordingly, this spelled is easier to thresh, and the integrity of the grain with a membranous shell is not violated during threshing.

In Italy there is spelled a geographical name - wheat from Garfagnano, an area in northwestern Tuscany (Farro della Garfagnana IGP) which is considered especially valuable. Word farro in Italy refers to different types of wheat, however Farro della Garfagnana with status IGP (Indicazione geographica protetta)- this is exactly the two-grain, grown in the area, the boundaries of which are determined by a special law.

Spelled is sold in different form — seeds for sprouting already sprouted grains, crushed spelt (spelled groats) And spelled flour.

How to cook

spelled groats — crushed spelt- added to soups, creams, risotto, sauces, desserts.

Since there is little gluten (gluten) in spelled, spelled flour cannot be used as a 100% analogue of finely ground white wheat flour. If you cook from spelled according to standard recipes, cheesecakes will crumble, and pancakes will fall apart; accordingly, recipes for spelled dishes provide for an additional binding ingredient. Bread made from spelled flour is less loose and nutritious than wheat, and stale faster (however, this does not negate its useful qualities). Spelled bread makes excellent crackers.

Sprouted spelled grains are used in dietary nutrition.

The harvest of spring spelled in our country is harvested in July-September. Spelled is also sown as a winter crop - in this case, the crop is harvested in July.

How to choose and store

When buying spelled grains and spelled groats, be sure to consider branded packaging, which must be hermetically sealed. The contents of the package must be free from foreign matter. You should also check the expiration date on the label.

When going to the store, you should remember that spelled can have other names: emmer, two-grain. Spelled and kamut are not synonymous with spelt, no matter what illiterate producers write on the packages (which, however, does not negate the high taste and dietary qualities of these cereals).

To keep spelled better, place it in an airtight container and store in a dry place. You can (although not necessarily) store spelled in the refrigerator.

Spelled has long been a popular grain crop. Excellent soups and side dishes were prepared from it, which turned out to be very satisfying and tasty. Spelled - what it is, how to cook it properly and what properties it has, we will consider in more detail.

Today it is called the wild relative of wheat. Outwardly, it looks like an ear of red-red color. It has a spicy taste, with a sweetish-nutty note. It also has other names - spelled, two-grain or kamut.

Scientists have found that this crop does not tolerate chemically contaminated soils, so it is grown exclusively on ecologically clean lands. Also, it is not able to accumulate carcinogens, mineral fertilizers for cereals and other plants, and other substances, which makes it even more attractive as a healthy dish.

Composition and calories

Due to the lack of ability to interbreed with other crops, spelled was able to maintain its composition in its original form. That is why it is much more useful than modern varieties of wheat.

Spelled composition:

vegetable protein in an amount up to 37%;
vitamins of groups B, PP and E;
18 kinds of amino acids;
many trace elements such as iron, potassium, phosphorus, copper, calcium and others.

It is worth noting that the substances are contained not only in the grains, but also in its shell.

Spelled: benefits and harms to the body

A cereal plant is often prescribed for various diseases, as one of the components of a healthy menu.

But there are some contraindications, so the benefits and harms of spelled for the body must be known before using it.

Benefits of dvusernyanka:

a source of a large amount of energy when exhausted by physical exertion;
normalization of the functioning of the intestine;
prophylactic against oncology;
normalization of pressure, psychological state;
decrease in glucose;
beneficial effect on the condition of the skin, vision, memory, concentration, ability to conceive.

Harm to the body is possible only if a person has an intolerance to the product. The very rejection of the product lies in the presence of gluten in grains, which is found in all cereals of the wheat genus. Non-acceptance of the substance is expressed in indigestion - bloating, diarrhea.

If you take spelt dishes in spite of intolerance, the disease "celiac disease" may develop, for which there are no effective drugs yet. The only way to protect yourself from an exacerbation of the disease is not to eat products from wheat cereals.

Benefits for weight loss

The opinion of nutritionists on this topic is unanimous - precisely because of the rejection of such products rich in useful trace elements, modern people have so many different diseases. The calorie content of cereals is 127 kcal, with a high protein content, it is very useful during sports and is well suited for dietary nutrition.

How to cook cereals?

The cereal is used in various dishes - soups, sauces, side dishes in its pure form and with stewed vegetables. It even makes good flour, but it is rarely used in baking - the products turn out to be harsh, they dry out quickly. But the simplest and most popular version of its preparation is simple porridge boiled in water or milk.

Let's take a look at some simple and delicious recipes two-grain dishes.

Important! When choosing, it is recommended not to purchase instant cereals. They most often contain flavor enhancers and various synthetic additives. Also, due to partial heat treatment, they have already lost some useful substances.

Old Russian spelled porridge

The most common spelled porridge is cooked on water. If you like sweet cereals, you can add a little more sugar, enrich with pieces of dried fruits, fresh fruits, raisins or nuts, pour in a little honey before serving. Or, on the contrary, add stewed vegetables, spices, pour sauce - you get a hearty and tasty side dish for meat dishes.

spelled - 2 stacks;
water - 4 glasses;
a cube of butter;
salt and sugar - 1 tsp each

How to cook spelled:

Rinse the grains well through a sieve or in a deep container, draining the dirty water.
Boil water, add salt and sugar, pour spelled and cook until tender, stirring occasionally.
When almost all the water is absorbed, add the oil. Wait until it melts and mix the porridge. Switch off when there is no water left in the container.

Cereal soup recipe

turkey - 500 gr;
spelled - 50 gr;
carrots, green bell peppers and onions - 1 unit each;
salt - ½ tbsp. l. (adjust according to taste preferences);
a mixture of peppers - a pinch;
garlic - 1 clove;
tomatoes - 3 fruits;
cauliflower - 100 gr;
drain. oil - 30 gr;
greens at will;
water - 1.3-1.5 liters.

First, prepare the broth: rinse the turkey and lower it into the water. From the moment of boiling, cook for a third of an hour, not forgetting to collect the foam, otherwise the broth will turn out to be cloudy. Let the meat cool, then cut it into portions and put it back into the broth.

Next, prepare the vegetables: chop the onion and garlic and simmer in hot oil in a saucepan. In the meantime, we cut the carrots into quarters, the pepper into a cube, we simply disassemble the cabbage into inflorescences, peel the tomatoes and divide them into a cube. Gradually, as the vegetables are prepared, add them to the saucepan to pass, stir occasionally.

We give the vegetables to stew for a few more minutes together, salting and seasoning with spices, while washing the spelt. Add cereal to vegetables, cook for another five minutes, and send to the broth for meat. Bring the soup to a boil, cook for five minutes, add chopped herbs, and after a couple of minutes turn off the heat. Leave covered for a third of an hour.

Cooking in a slow cooker with meat

pork tenderloin without veins and films - 1 kg;
two-grain - 500 gr;
nuclei walnuts- cup;
champignons - 500 gr;
carrots and onions - 1 unit each;
drain. oil - a couple of spoons;
salt - table. spoon without a slide (adjust to taste);
water - 1.5 liters;
pepper - tea. l.;
Bay leaf.

Rinse the meat, cut into small slices. Peel and chop onions, mushrooms and carrots, chop nuts. Put oil in a multi-cooker bowl, heat for a couple of minutes in the “Frying” program, put vegetables, mushrooms and nuts. Fry for 10 minutes. In the meantime, boil water.

Collect with a wooden or silicone spoon in a separate bowl, pour hot water and lower the meat into it, salt, put lavrushka. Cook for 40 minutes in the "Soup" mode, covered with a lid.

The next step is to rinse spelled, put the finished meat into the broth. Together with the cereal, send the passivation prepared earlier. Pepper, turn on the “Extinguishing” mode for half an hour and cover again.

spelled pasta for garnish

Spelled pasta is no less tasty than classic wheat pasta. Pasta makes an excellent side dish, tasty and healthy.

spelled pasta - 175 gr;
water - 2 l;
salt - a third of a table. l.;
drain. oil - 30 gr.

Boil water, dip pasta in it, add salt. Wait until the water boils again and detect 10 minutes. After recline in a colander, transfer to the main dish and season with oil.

Garnish is ready. You can add fried mushrooms, chicken or pork dishes, pour over walnut sauce, sprinkle with fresh herbs.