More recently, by direct order of the President Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev was officially introduced into the list of professions a new specialty - urban planning. The Ministry of Health and Social Development approved the standards for this profession. What principles underlie and how the mission of the activity of specialists in this field is formulated, the head of the Main Department of Architecture and Urban Planning of the Moscow Region, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, Honored Architect of the Russian Federation Alexander Evgenievich FROLOV told the correspondent of the magazine POINT OF SUPPORT.
- Alexander Evgenievich, as a specialist in your field, you are always aware of the trends in urban planning and development of territories: how can you characterize the active course towards high-rise construction?
– Indeed, if earlier building by number of storeys was based on the principle of “no more than”, now this is the motto “no less than”. As an answer to your question, I can give an example from life. Many years ago, our German architect colleagues organized for us business trip, the purpose of which, in particular, as they themselves put it, was to show us the mistakes they made in the implementation of projects. We started from Cologne, more precisely from one of its microdistricts, in our understanding. We arrived at the facility. Before us are high-rise buildings, qualitatively and professionally finished, equipped with a complex of underground garages. We ask: “When will you show errors?”. They answer us: “Yes, look!”. Everything that was around us, and what we stood on (on the roof of the underground garage), was one big mistake. The arguments are quite simple and understandable: firstly, it has been established that the human psyche cannot perceive more than nine floors without deformation; secondly, the operation of high-rise buildings is much less efficient than that of conventional buildings. Imagine 25 floors. Yes, from an economic point of view, but only at first glance, this project is profitable and expedient, but who will operate these 25 floors and, most importantly, how? After all, it is necessary to supply water and heat to the 25th floor, to ensure the possibility of evacuation in case of an emergency, not to mention the elevator economy, which is a separate system that requires special maintenance. Underground parking is also not always a blessing, especially if you do not provide an appropriate level of security. All of the above is additional capital investment and considerable, which, of course, is reflected in the level of utility bills.
It was written in Soviet standards: if a high-rise building is being built, then in the fire department of this area there should be a car with a fire escape that reaches the roof of this building (after all, people in a panic can run out onto the roof). Shooting with helicopters is risky, because. it is not known what conditions will be for evacuation, firefighters will probably have to be lowered to the roof so that they coordinate the actions of the victims, etc. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that not every city has a rescue helicopter and a special fire truck with a ladder reaching at least the 25th floor, and therefore equipped with an elevator cabin for evacuating people. Here is the question: what will result in the safe operation of such a building?
Returning to the conversation about Cologne, I note that, with an eye to their own mistakes, our German colleagues consider 3.5 floors to be the norm. Not 25, but 3.5! And you and I, too, in general, can understand that this is correct, natural, reasonable. But after all, people who either stand in line for so long or are waiting for the opportunity to purchase their own housing can also be understood: they are also happy with the 25th floor. And after a month or two, these same tenants begin to write complaints, file lawsuits. But on who? The one who built it? Togo is already gone. To the municipality? He, in turn, will rightly ask: “And what have we got to do with it?”. Although, according to the Federal Law, the main powers to organize the space of a particular settlement are transferred to the municipality, i.e. it is they who must provide for everything in accordance with state standards in the planning project.
- And in what order is it possible to solve the problem of reclamation or redevelopment of territories by adjusting the master plan?
– I once asked my foreign colleagues: how much time and money does it take them to adjust master plans? The mediator of our conversation was an excellent translator, a professional in his field. However, he tried to translate my question for 30+ minutes. They couldn't understand the meaning of what I was asking. The fact is that territorial planning abroad is as follows: there is a city, there is a suburb and there is a team that monitors their normal functioning and does it constantly in real time. Each member of the community, whether urban or rural, as he is interested in living comfortably, takes part in the discussion of how they want and will live, which industries they will start up and which not, what they will develop and what not. And when the community reaches a consensus, then this joint decision is made by law. And not a single grandmother will lie under a bulldozer: her opinion was taken into account. Therefore, foreign colleagues could not understand what it means to “correct” when they conduct a master plan every day, this is their job. The analogy is obvious: every person, if he values his health and life, is constantly observed by a doctor, a family doctor. This specialist doctor leads the family, monitors nutrition, gives advice on a healthy lifestyle, rest and work regimens, recommends appropriate procedures, etc. The same is true with a city that has its own sociology, history, engineering and transport systems, and much more. much more, in other words: the city is an extremely complex "organism".
- How can you evaluate the contribution of the Department of Architecture and the leadership of the region to the development of the Moscow region, taking into account the existing realities?
What is urban planning? L. Corbusier, a great architect and urban planner, said that urban planning is the highest degree of architecture. At one time, N.S. Khrushchev learned that in England there is such a thing as “free planning” and that any engineer can handle it. Based on this, he dispersed all architectural universities in the Soviet Union, leaving only one - Moscow. One then for 220 million inhabitants! We are reaping these fruits today. There is a catastrophic shortage of specialists. And yet, state design institutes subordinate to the Main Architecture have been working steadily for more than a decade, these are: State Unitary Enterprise MO "NIiPI Urban Planning", State Unitary Enterprise MO "NIIPROEKT", SE MO "MosGrazhdanProekt", SE MO "APU of the Moscow Region" - a special an organization that is mainly engaged in pre-project preparation and has about 30 branches in the region, and SE MO "Mosoblgeotrest".
Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov - The Governor of the Moscow Region very clearly appreciated the importance of territorial planning, and already in 2000 it was decided to develop a regional target program of the master plan for the development of the region, developed on the basis of the Hanover Document for the Sustainable Territorial Development of the European Continent through the Council of Europe. The program is the whole complex, including the master plan, which affects culture, transport, sociology, and health. In Russia, it is accepted that the duration of the master plan is 20-25 years, then such terms were announced for this Program. Later we transformed the program to the 30th year. In fact, slowly but surely, we will come to the fact that support will be carried out in real time, as in the advanced countries of Europe. The government has approved a territorial planning scheme (STP) for the Moscow Region. A transport scheme has also been developed. An extremely important issue here is the Central Ring Road (TsKAD), and by the end of 2012 we must “cover” the entire region with territorial planning documents.
– Why is Moscow "suffocating" in a dense ring of traffic jams? What is your forecast regarding the transport collapse?
Because a transport noose is actually thrown over Moscow, squeezing it from all sides. Moreover, the noose is not only for road transport, but also for rail and air transport. And everything is in the center, in the center. This happened historically, when fortresses were built in such a way that all roads led to the citadel and the enemy did not pass. But today it leads to transport problems. At one time, having taken care of solving this problem, we proposed the Central Ring Road project to the Governor of the Moscow Region. Let me explain what it is. Earlier, so-called rocades were created, forming a network of roads around Moscow, but they are narrow, they need to be expanded and all transit transport should be allowed to bypass Moscow. On the border of the Central Ring Road, logistics complexes will be built and are already being built, working with heavy vehicles, sorting and distributing cargo among light vehicles. Of considerable importance in solving transport problems is the fact that two pan-European corridors intersect on the territory of the Moscow Region (meaning only roads) - the second and the ninth. The second corridor is London - Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow Nizhny Novgorod and further to the east. And the ninth corridor - the Black Sea - the Baltic Sea from Odessa to Helsinki, one part of which goes through Moscow and Moscow Region, and the second - through Kyiv. Our project was reviewed by B.V. Gromov together with I.E. Levitin. Then he was presented to V.V. Putin, then the President of the Russian Federation, who noted this project as a priority for Russia, because. it will make it possible to defuse, and subsequently, perhaps, even remove the threat of a transport collapse. Further, the project was transformed from regional to federal, and later it began to take into account rail, air, and water transport.
The assessment will be given by others (this is also the individual right of each citizen), but I can proudly say that thanks to such an attitude towards the territorial planning of the Governor and the leadership of the region, the development of the master plan is accompanied by a special interdepartmental government commission (MVK), headed by three Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Moscow Region: V.F. Zhidkin, P.D. Katsyv and V.V. Gromov, and Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Regional Duma V.P. Kulikov. The IAC meets once a month, on the first Monday, and provides support for the development of the entire set of territorial planning documents. This has been implemented without interruption since 2002. There are permanent members in the IMC, and there are those who are invited depending on the task set for discussion. I am sure that this is a great advantage for the development of the Moscow Region and Moscow, because here we have a systematic approach to the development of the subject. For example, we coordinated the STP with all our neighbors, including Moscow, so as not only not to harm, but also to establish interaction and cooperation.
- What impact does the implementation of the Master Plan have on the ecology of the developed and developed territories?
In connection with the implementation of the General Development Plan, only 1.2% of surrounding nature. A lot of measures are taken into account aimed at its improvement and regeneration, the creation of environmental complexes, up to taking into account the paths along which seasonal animal migrations occur.
I don't know of a more integrated profession than an urban planner, because there are a huge number of factors to consider, from taking into account the opinion of the population, history, socio-economic development, transport corridors and multimodal interchange hubs, and ending with paths for hares. Today, great efforts are being made to ensure that projects do not violate the environment and ennoble the environment, so I hope that the implementation of the Master Plan will make maximum changes in the ecology of the developed territories in terms of its improvement.
– Alexander Evgenievich, thank you for the open dialogue and really relevant and necessary information for our readers.
Headquarters architects and urban planners
Moscow region
Graduated from an architectural university and suddenly realized that architecture is not for you? Do not rush to regret the wasted years: based on the materials of the Archinect portal, we have selected nine areas of activity where architects can apply their knowledge and skills.
Since 2008, the Archinect website has had a column in which professionals share their stories, why they decided to leave architecture and how their architectural background helped them find themselves in a new specialty. In less than 8 years, more than 50 stories have been published in the section, which will be interesting in their own right, even if you do not plan to change the direction of work. Using these materials as an example, we tried to understand why architects leave the profession, what an architectural education is useful for, and collected the main areas that can attract a failed architect.
Why leave
Despite the fact that the stories tell about people with a wide variety of experiences - from students who left for other areas immediately after receiving a diploma, to professionals with 10 years of experience working on projects different levels- the arguments of the majority are rare: endless working hours, where 10% of the time is devoted to design, and the remaining 90% of the working day is occupied by negotiations with contractors, solving problems with drawings, budgets and customers.
On the other hand, not only the negative aspects of the life of an architect push him to change his profession. Architecture is one of the most versatile professions, involving very different aspects of life. Each next project may open up a previously unknown area, which may turn out to be a real vocation for you.
What gives an architectural education
If the work of an architect can evoke negative emotions in someone, then with regard to architectural education, everyone agrees on one thing - no matter what a person ends up doing, the years spent on training are definitely worth it. Kim Knohlenberg, who discovered own farm, believes that she would hardly have been able to master this project if it were not for studying at an architectural school, where she "learned to find and solve problems, work in a team and defend her ideas in front of an audience." The list of useful skills is endless. Here is an understanding of the context, and the formation of an analytical approach, and spatial thinking. Gong Szeto, who now works in the field of interface design, says that most often in negotiations with IT engineers, traders and bankers, he has to quote Vitruvius’ “usefulness, strength, beauty”, since the formula, it turns out, is not obvious to everyone.
What is architecture
Although the main part of the heroes of the column is no longer directly involved in the design of buildings, few of them believe that they really abandoned this field of activity - rather, they simply deviated somewhat from the perception of architecture that is familiar to many. According to Gustavo Almeida-Santos, who is now creative director, his company "doesn't really deal with buildings and structures, but process information in a similar way and go through the same design stages." To him, it's just another area of architecture.
1. At the service of architects
Professions directly related to architecture
Architecture is a large field of activity, which, nevertheless, lives by its own rules and laws. Therefore, it is difficult for people without an architectural education to fit in and understand the specifics of the work. This also applies to professions such as architectural photographers and visualizers. Architecture portals and specialized publishing houses are also usually founded by architects.
In this way, one can still remain at the very center of architectural life, but at the same time get rid of most of the negative consequences of the profession. It is important that your customers will be the architects themselves, with whom you speak the same language. And the directions of activity here can be very different. For example, Matt Trimble, wanting to streamline the monotonous process of editing drawings, started out writing simple scripts for Autocad and now runs Radlab, a software development company for architects.
Or you can go into graphic design and help architects create books, print products, websites. Or, like Anne Dérian, after seven years of work in different bureaus, to open his own mosaic production. There are many directions here, the main thing is to choose what you really like.
2. Internet
Website and application development
Surely you use or at least heard about the Pinterest web service, which allows you to collect images on the Internet. But few people know that its founder was an architect. As a student and wanting to organize his huge collection of renders, drawings and photographs, Evan Sharp (Evan Sharp) launched a service with a friend, which after only 5 years of existence is already estimated at 11 billion dollars. According to Evan, the architectural school forced him to look spatially at the structure of the Internet and understand how people can use the network for their own purposes.
Among the popular applications developed by architects, we can also recall the Prezi presentation service, which changed the approach to slide shows. The entire presentation is created on one single canvas, over which the camera moves, zooming in and out of individual areas.
3. UI designer
Development of user interfaces
The profession of a user interface developer is perhaps one of the closest in spirit to architecture. Creating a human-friendly environment, a UI designer thinks through the user's movements within a given system by manipulating flows. According to Ania Kolak, her architectural background has taught her to work equally with both individual details and the project as a whole.
4. Game development
Designing virtual spaces
The love of drawing at the time convinced Francis Tsai (Francis Tsai) to go to architecture school. And, in his opinion, it was the study of architecture and the development of spatial thinking that helped him become famous in the world of game development. In fact, the work consists in building a model of virtual space and filling it with objects and emotions.
5. Motion design
Create intros and videos
Developed spatial thinking, as well as a refined sense of composition, according to Magnus Hierta, allowed him to quickly get used to motion design and participate in the creation of videos of various formats. Like an architect, a motion designer must be not only a designer, but also a director, cameraman, editor, programmer and producer.
When talking about television, one cannot ignore Dmitry Likin, co-founder of the architectural bureau WOWHAUS. Also working on Channel One as the chief artist, he hosted direct participation in one of the most striking rebrandings on Russian television in the 2000s.
6. Media personas
Work in the frame
It is customary to say that in terms of talkativeness, an architect must be second only to a journalist in order to successfully defend his ideas. Although, in addition to the ability to speak quickly, you also need to have a certain charisma. We were convinced of this from our own experience during the festival "Architecture-2015", filming with architects talking about their projects.
Meanwhile, Archinect publishes the story of John Gidding, invited to host Designed to Sell. In the scenario, Gidding helps the owners improve their home and raise its selling price. But most importantly, television budgets help him get money for any technological innovations in the construction industry and allow him to experiment and stay in the technology trend.
7. Development
It so happened that architects are not too fond of developers due to different views on the world. But nothing prevents the architect himself from acting as a manager, greatly simplifying his life. In 2010, Miguel McKelvey, who already has sales experience behind him, co-founded the WeWork co-working network, which, after five years of operation, has 250 employees and 54 locations.
The presence of an architect in senior positions helped to defend the inflated spending on interior design, without which it would not have been possible to create a corporate atmosphere of coworking spaces.
8. Design of clothes, textiles and accessories
It wasn't until she was downsized during the crisis that Emily Fischer found the time to put together her own website and post photos of her textile experiments. The quilts that were included in ours for architects instantly circled the Internet, and Emily herself, three weeks after being fired, had already opened her own firm.
Only an architect could make a ring out of concrete. But Linda Bennett went even further with the DIY Ring Kit, which requires the wearer to make their own ring by mixing all the necessary materials. The project was published in all major publications, successfully passed the Kickstarter campaign, and the total jewelry collection exceeded 50 items in two years.
9. 3D printing
3D printing has been discussed for many years but still has a lot of potential. Having bought a used printer in their sophomore year, Kyle William and Liz von Hasseln planned to gradually pay for their education with it. But the couple got so carried away with the experiments that they even went as far as using sugar as ink. Now their project The Sugar Lab creates sugar sculptures, developing a completely new direction in food printing.
Bonus: Designer LEGO
Adora Lo was another victim of the 2009 financial crisis, but hasn't regretted it in a long time. Building cities for LEGO theme parks is a dream job for many architects. As old college friends complain about the never-ending stair designs, Agora reveals how she built a 30-foot replica of the Petronas Towers for a park in Singapore.
The work of an architect-urban planner is the basis without which it is impossible to design individual objects, since before building a house or a factory, it is necessary to determine its place, which means taking into account the totality of the connections of the future structure with the land and other structures. To do this, the architect needs a view "from above", allowing him to escape from the private and think in terms of integral architectural ensembles. Based on the standards developed by scientists, the architect calculates how many kindergartens and schools, shops, canteens, cinemas should be in the city.
Further, at the stage of the master plan, he decides the spatial composition of the city as a whole; here it is especially important to pay close attention to the natural landscape, to take into account the need to preserve the ecological balance. At the final stage of the work, the architect creates a project of a district or city, draws its drawings in various projections, including general drawings. Calculates the resulting loads on the building elements of the building and determines the required materials and dimensions of the building elements. Determines the design of building foundations depending on the nature of the soil. Designs optimal layouts of communications in the region and in the city.
Architecture has always gone hand in hand with art. The creations of Antonio Gaudí, Osip Bove, Carl Rossi and other great architects inspire no less than the creations of painters and composers' symphonies. This is not only about the oldest monuments, palaces and towers, but also about modern buildings and structures that amaze with aesthetics and grandeur. An architect can perpetuate his name in amazing projects, or he can make a mistake, as a result of which the appearance of an entire city will be hopelessly damaged. Are you afraid of hard work and enormous responsibility? Then this job is for you.
What is an architect? Description of the profession
An architect is a specialist who designs buildings, planning and interior solutions, as well as organizing the architectural environment. He is responsible not only for the appearance of structures, but also for their functional, operational characteristics.
Despite the complexity of the profession and the need to be guided by standards, rules and technical parameters, the specialty is creative.
The appearance of a structure depends only on the inner world of a professional and his ideas about aesthetics, harmony and rationality.
Specialists can be not only architects who develop draft designs, documentation and working drawings, but also the organizers of the development process (chief architects), developers of master plans for cities and towns (urban planners), creators of landscape solutions for landscaping (landscape architects). The specialty also includes designers (planning and interior developers), restorers, experts and theorists involved in scientific and teaching activities.
What are the responsibilities of a specialist
With the development of technology, the work of an architect has changed significantly. The reason for this is the complication of building technologies.
You need to be proficient in special computer programs(in particular, programs for 3D design and modeling of buildings), conduct an examination of documentation for compliance with a variety of standards. At the same time, the range of activities of a specialist does not so much limit as directs the type of his activity:
- Architectural Engineering. The specialist develops the project, coordinates the creation of construction documentation, and carries out architectural supervision.
- urban planning. In fact, this is a "3D design", which is based on the development of general architectural plans for settlements.
- Landscape. Landscape architecture includes landscaping - the design of gardens, parks, green spaces, home gardens and even protected areas.
- Interior Design. Specialists specialize in the development of functional and at the same time aesthetic planning, interior design.
The range of duties of an employee also depends on his experience, qualifications and the organization in which he works. Not only grandiose concert halls and skyscrapers need a project, but also every trade pavilion (with the exception of prefabricated structures), every clinic and every residential building. Experience and portfolio play a key role - it is very important to strive to get really important and complex projects in order to move up the career ladder.
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How to become an architect, where to study
This profession requires higher education, voluminous theoretical knowledge and successfully completed practical work. It is best to enter a specialized university, and the more reputable it is, the better for your future career. Graduates of the best educational institutions of the country are welcomed with open arms not only by Russian, but also by foreign employers. Therefore, approach the choice of a place of study responsibly and try to enter (or at least try to do so) in the best educational institution possible.
TOP-5 Russian universities that train architects:
- Moscow Architectural Institute.
- Moscow Construction State University.
- University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in St. Petersburg.
- University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in Nizhny Novgorod.
- University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in Samara.
How to take subjects upon admission? Admission of applicants is usually carried out in 2 stages: the first part is an analysis (usually mathematics, Russian language and history, less often literature), the second part is a creative competition held by educational institution on one's own. Applicants will be required to prepare a drawing, composition and drawing.
Educational institutions almost always hold a consultation - here the teachers tell what exactly they want to see as part of the creative competition. The presentation is held in 1 day, or absent - the results of the verification of works can also be announced remotely. Be sure to visit her. Also, check the list of exams in advance - it is set by each university individually and may differ from the list above.
What qualities do you need to have
- perseverance. Each drawing and each project requires long, meticulous work, where details and nuances are important.
- Creative person. Every specialist is a creator. It is in his head that the appearance of buildings that can become cult sights is born.
- Developed intellect. It is necessary not only to have experience and practical skills, but also to keep in mind a huge amount of theory, to know the regulatory framework.
- Perfectionism. The slightest mistake in the project can lead to disaster or, at least, to the non-admission of the project. It is important to constantly strive for excellence.
- composure. The ability to concentrate on work is the key to a successful project. Architecture does not tolerate absent-mindedness and does not forgive mistakes.
Where can a specialist work?
Construction company. Mostly architects-designers are required here, since most companies are engaged in the construction of ordinary buildings and construction. The typical nature of the work does not make it easier - each project requires a multi-stage approval and examination. Often you have to perform diverse tasks, as the staff of architects is almost always reduced or cut.
Bureau of Architecture. The key difference between a bureau and a construction company is the direction of activity. The organization is exclusively engaged in architectural design, expertise and documentation development. There is a clear gradation of personnel here, and there is no shortage of staff. You can come to the bureau already in the first years of study, get a position as a technician, create simple drawings and gain experience while moving up the career ladder.
Government agencies. These are municipal and federal organizations that prepare master plans for settlements, conduct architectural expertise, draw up profile documentation, coordinate projects and issue building permits. The best option for professionals who are looking for a stable job and want to enjoy all the benefits of a civil servant.
Pros and cons of being an architect
If at school you wrote an essay on the topic “My future profession– architect”, then they certainly delved into the essence of the specialty. Its key advantages are the ability to create and the prospects for high income. The main disadvantage is practical complexity. We note other advantages and disadvantages for a detailed comparison.
pros profession architect:
- Interesting and creative work.
- High wages for skilled workers.
- A promising profession for immigration.
- High social status and recognition of the specialty.
- Real career prospects.
Minuses professions:
- Difficult and extremely responsible work.
- The need to study for a long time and constantly develop independently.
- Regular processing, a lot of stress.
- Low salaries at the start of a career.
- Frequent impossibility of self-realization.
The impossibility of self-realization lies in the need to work on order. Example: you want to implement a grandiose project that has been in your head for a long time, but you cannot because of the lack of a sponsor. Or your vision of the functionality and aesthetics of the building does not coincide with the opinion of the manager or client.
How much do architects in Russia earn
The average salary of specialists in Russia is 25 thousand rubles. Architects from Moscow (36,000 rubles on average) and St. Petersburg (29,000 rubles) receive more colleagues. Salaries in remote regions are lower. You don't have to count on a high income and specialists without work experience - they usually occupy the position of a technician and receive 15-17 thousand rubles a month. But you can find a job already during the first years of study.
In addition, there are real prospects for career growth. It is better for him to work in the office, in a team. It is almost impossible for a freelancer to achieve heights without the proper experience of real practical work. With constant employment and purposeful development, after 7-8 years of work, you will be able to apply for the position of chief architect of the company. The salaries of these specialists often exceed 100-125 thousand rubles.
Summary
Architecture is a truly interesting and creative profession. It is ideal for developed, purposeful and responsible people who know how to concentrate on the task at hand. You must be prepared for the difficulties that will surely overtake you already in the course of training. If you are not afraid of sleepless nights, constant overwork and colossal responsibility, if you want to perpetuate your name in unique architectural structures- this job is for you.
Specialty code: 18.00.04 Urban planning, planning of agricultural settlements.
Specialty Description: Urban planning and planning of rural settlements covers the development of the scientific foundations of the architectural and planning organization of cities and rural settlements, regional planning, territorial systems of settlement of regions and the country, with the aim of studying the patterns of development and improving the foundations of architectural, design, urban planning and planning activities, including planning, design and optimizing the structure and operation of a given class of objects. The significance of developing and solving scientific and design problems of this discipline is to improve the functional, social, hygienic and aesthetic parameters of the habitat and life of people living in cities and rural areas, the protection and use of the accumulated architectural, urban planning and other cultural heritage, as well as the conservation and sustainable development environment for the benefit of current and future generations.
Field of study:
1. The study of urban planning traditions and urban heritage of cities and regions of Russia and other countries.
2. Development of modern and predictable social, spatial, technical, architectural and artistic patterns, principles and methods of general planning of cities, rural settlements and large territorial settlement systems.
3. Fundamentals of planning, building and reconstruction of residential and industrial functional areas of cities and villages, their public centers, landscape complexes and recreation areas, architectural and urban planning ensembles, external improvement systems and transport and communication systems.
4. Development of methodological foundations for urban planning forecasting, planning and design, fundamentals of legal support for urban planning activities.
5. Creation of modern urban planning and information systems, scientific principles for the formation of urban cadastres, computerization of various sections of urban planning activities..
6. Development of scientific and methodological foundations of urban planning education, training of highly qualified urban planners.
Related specialties:
05.22.20 - "Transport systems of cities and industrial centers".
05.13.10 - "Management in social and economic systems".
08.00.05 - "Economics and Management of the National Economy".
08.00.18 - "Population economics and demography".
11.00.02 - "Economic, social and political geography".
00/17/06 - "Technical aesthetics (in terms of the organization of urban spaces).
Branches of science:
Technical science,
architecture.
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