Forms and methods of social support for underage children from dysfunctional families. Social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a rehabilitation center Bondarovskaya, Larisa Vladimirovna Social pedagogical support

Chapter I. Theoretical approaches to understanding socio-pedagogical support

1.1. Socio-pedagogical support as a special kind of socio-pedagogical activity.

1.2. A dysfunctional family as a factor of direct desocializing influence on children

1.3. Organization of social and pedagogical support for children in difficult life situations in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center.

Conclusions to chapter I.

Chapter II. Technology of socio-pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center

2.1. Diagnostic study of the problems that cause social maladaptation of children from dysfunctional families who find themselves in a social rehabilitation center.

2.2. Model of technology of socio-pedagogical support.

2.3. Implementation of the technology of socio-pedagogical support for adolescents in a social rehabilitation center

Conclusions to Chapter II

Recommended list of dissertations

  • Pedagogical assistance to the resocialization of adolescents with deviant behavior in a social rehabilitation center 2005, candidate of pedagogical sciences Shirnina, Elena Vladimirovna

  • Pedagogical Conditions of Labor Rehabilitation of Adolescents at Risk in Social Rehabilitation Centers 2008, candidate of pedagogical sciences Poyarkova, Zinaida Dmitrievna

  • Socio-pedagogical support of resocialization of adolescents in a social shelter 2009, candidate of pedagogical sciences Yusupova, Khadria Gennadievna

  • Socio-pedagogical prevention of adolescent neglect in the conditions of the Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children 2008, candidate of pedagogical sciences Fateeva, Tatyana Nikolaevna

  • Social and pedagogical support for the resocialization of orphans and children left without parental care in a social rehabilitation center 2010, candidate of pedagogical sciences Tanas, Elena Isaakovna

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Social and pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families in a rehabilitation center"

The reforms of the 1990s led to a fundamental change in the social structure of society. This led to serious differences in the standard of living of Russian families, led to an increase in the number of families belonging to the category of socially disadvantaged, and caused a decrease in the educational potential of the family. Parental deprivation, inevitably associated with an increase in the number of children left without parental care, orphans, became the cause of a special social phenomenon of the late 20th century, namely social orphanhood or orphanhood with living parents. This testifies to the negative processes in which children are left without parental care, without a fixed place of residence, without true friends, without help from society, without life prospects: an increase in the number of children left without parental care. That is why in today's Russia the policy of the state is aimed at the formation and development of a system of social and pedagogical assistance to families and children who find themselves7 in a difficult life situation.

In this regard, the need arose for the theoretical and practical development of technologies for the socio-pedagogical support of children from disadvantaged families in a new type of specialized socio-pedagogical institutions - social rehabilitation centers for minors.

Children brought up in socially disadvantaged families, such as: incomplete families, families in which both parents are unemployed, where one or both parents are addicted to alcohol, turn out to be socially maladjusted with distorted social skills, deviant and delinquent behavior, and violations in the communicative sphere , low level of socialization.

Today, among the destructive factors of a “difficult” childhood, neglect, homelessness, rootlessness, and impersonality predominate.

The worse is the life of adults in the family; the worse it affects children.

Where ignorance, cruelty, disrespect, lack of culture and drunkenness reign, it is difficult to grow up as a normal person. The hardships of adult life, invading childhood, destroy it, and there comes a time when home and family cease to be a source of well-being and joy. Children and adolescents from such families cannot "fit" into the school" and. public life"Children's * team, lose faith in" one's own strength and abilities, are not ready to firmly assimilate those norms and rules on which successful entry into adulthood is built*. Being at the mercy* of circumstances, misunderstanding, distrust of the world of adults, minors break the established norms of life and look for other ways of growing up, often on the street, in a society of their own kind, where they find safety and the patronage of street fraternity. They easily become dependent on unscrupulous 1 people, become a "breeding ground" for the most dangerous social vices: theft, fraud; prostitution, drug addiction, alcoholism, where violence gradually becomes the norm, their lives.

The physical, spiritual, intellectual capabilities of children" and adolescents are still too small; to cope" with the problems * of "adult" life, and therefore they need pedagogical "help and support; The history of socio-pedagogical" activity is associated * with a few historiographic ^ works of this direction" (Yu.A. Vasilkova, M.A. Galaguzova, E.A. Gorshkova, V.V. Morozov,

R.V. Ovcharova and others), as well as with experience in the development and application humanistic pedagogy XVIII century, the era of "enlightenment! and humanism” to the present (S.I. Gessen, V.P. Kashchenko, A.S. Makarenko, I.G. Pestalozzi, V.N. Soroka-Rosinsky, K.D. Ushinsky and others).

Particularly relevant are works in which socio-pedagogical support is studied as a process of interaction between a child and a teacher, 4 based on trusting relationships (S.A. Belicheva, A.A. Vinogradova, Yu; V^Gerbeev^ Yu:I; Zotov; NS .Morozova ^ A.B. Chistova, LSM-Shipitsina "-and" - others :).

The logic of overcoming developmental problems and finding a way out of a problem situation by the adolescent himself was determined by S.A. Raschetina and M.A. Zhdanova through a decrease in the latter; internal semantic and emotional barriers and the formation of a state of security through the accumulation of positive social experience.

Linking the concepts of the social situation of development (L.S. Vygotsky, V.I. Slobodchikov) with the concept of pedagogical? support, they consider "this: a phenomenon: as the creation of a new, more favorable social * situation of development? through the restoration of broken relationships" in the environment: Such an approach; calls for a specially organized! and support of a child; or a teenager who finds himself: in a difficult life situation, relying on his / own: capabilities. Help itself, should; be understood; in this case, not; as a solution to life problems? for a person (what; can lead to the formation of dependency), but how;: return of faith in oneself, in one's own; strength and. opportunities, how: assistance in creating conditions for independent, solving? one's problems.

B^ theoretical studies and practice of social-pedagogical-support of children from; dysfunctional (socially disadvantaged) families; in: conditions: social rehabilitation center? a number of contradictions can be identified:

Between the growing number of children from socially disadvantaged families and the insufficient effectiveness of the means to ensure the success of the socialization of such children;

Between the need to implement an integrated approach to accompanying and supporting children from socially disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center and the lack of integrated technologies for such support; between the humanistic orientation of pedagogical science and the insufficient development of the practical foundations of socio-pedagogical support.

The need to resolve these contradictions determined the research problem: how and in what directions to improve the technology of social and pedagogical support for children and adolescents from socially disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center?

Relevance, contradictions and the problem determined the topic of the study: "Social and pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families in a social rehabilitation center."

Object: the process of social and pedagogical support for children from socially disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center.

Subject: technology of social and pedagogical support for children from socially disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center.

The purpose of the study: to theoretically substantiate the technology of socio-pedagogical support for children from socially disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center and test its effectiveness experimentally.

Research hypothesis: socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families in a social rehabilitation center will be effective if:

Structural differences between socio-pedagogical support and socio-pedagogical support will be identified;

A structural and functional model of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center will be designed;

Within the framework of the structural and functional model, a technology will be developed for social and pedagogical support for children from families of dysfunctional families in a social rehabilitation center;

Criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in difficult life situations will be determined.

The purpose, object, subject and hypothesis of the study determined the following tasks:

1. Based on a theoretical analysis, to study the degree of development of the problem of socio-pedagogical support for children and adolescents from dysfunctional families in modern pedagogical theory and educational practice.

2. Determine the essence and structural differences between the concepts of "socio-pedagogical support" and "socio-pedagogical support" in relation to socially maladjusted children from disadvantaged families.

3. To construct a structural and functional model of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center.

4. Develop an algorithm for implementing the technology of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families who are in a social rehabilitation center.

5. Determine the criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

The methodological basis of the study are:

Humanistic approach (Shch.A.Amonoshvili, B.G.Ananiev, I.Kant,

A. Maslow, K. Rogers, J-J. Rousseau, V. A. Sukhomlinsky, S. T. Shatsky), 7 which allows you to create models and technologies of pedagogical activity, based on the humanistic paradigm of personality-oriented upbringing and education;

Socially oriented approach (V.P. Bederkhanova, M.A. Galaguzova,

V.I. Zagvyazinsky, L.I. Kononova, I.A. Mavrina), within the framework of which it is possible to substantiate the factors of desocializing influence on children, one of which is a socially disadvantaged family.

The theoretical basis of this study are:

Theories of adaptation of a developing personality in society (A.G. Asmolov,

S.A. Belicheva, A.B. Dobrovich, A. E. Lichko, A.V. Petrovsky, D.I. Feldstein, L.M. Fridman);

Theories of education, revealing the features of the processes of formation of an active life position of the child (Z.I. Vasilyeva, A.V. Kiryakova, T.N. Malkova, K.D. Radina, E.V. Titova); the theory of the psychosocial nature of a person, the patterns of formation of needs, interests, value orientations (L. S. Vygotsky, S. L. Rubinshtein);

Theories of pedagogical support for children (S.A. Boykova, E.V. Bondarevskaya, O.S. Gazman, A.V. Gordeeva, V.V. Morozov and others);

Socio-pedagogical theories: the theory of pedagogical support, the theory of pedagogical support, the theory of social development and the theory of socialization (Yu.N. Galaguzova, A.V. Mudrik, N. Platunova, N.N. Surtaeva).

The following methods were used in the dissertation work: theoretical: analysis of scientific literature, modeling, design, generalization, systematization;

Empirical: pedagogical experiment, observation, conversation, interviewing, peer review methods, monitoring, analysis of pedagogical documentation; study and generalization of the practical experience of the activities of a social pedagogue in a social rehabilitation center. 8

The logic and stages of the study were based on the leading principles of the methodology of pedagogical research and research on socio-pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families: defining the goals and objectives of the study, developing an initial working hypothesis, analyzing and interpreting the main theoretical provisions that characterize the research problem, clarifying the conceptual apparatus, developing a program research, research, analysis of results. The organization of the study included the following steps:

1. The analytical and methodological stage (2005 - 2006) is associated with understanding the theoretical and methodological foundations of social and pedagogical support for children from socially disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center; with the definition of the scientific apparatus of the study; with the development of the content of the ascertaining experiment.

2. The search and experimental stage (2006 - 2007) included the development of a structural and functional model of the technology of social and pedagogical support for children; identification of criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of applying the technology of socio-pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center; carrying out experimental work (ER), during which the research hypothesis was refined and corrected.

3. The generalizing stage (2007 - 2009) included a formative experiment, during which the model of the technology of social and pedagogical support for children was tested and implemented, the results obtained were analyzed and systematized. The obtained results were formalized and the conclusions of the study were formulated.

The experimental base of the study was the Social Rehabilitation Centers for Minors in the Omsk Region: Bollyperechensky (main base), Tara and Regional.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in:

Identification of structural differences between the concepts of "socio-pedagogical support" and "socio-pedagogical support" in relation to socially maladjusted children from dysfunctional families.

Creation of technology of social and pedagogical support for children< из неблагополучных семей в условиях социально-реабилитационного центра, заключающейся в составлении индивидуальных программ социально-педагогической поддержки, учитывающих индивидуально-личностные характеристики детей и их прошлый социальный опыт;

Determination of criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of socio-pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center.

The theoretical significance of the study lies in:

Development of a structural and functional model of socio-pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in a social rehabilitation center, including: complex-object, content-activity, methodological, organizational and managerial components;

Expansion of the theoretical field of general and social pedagogy by rethinking the concept of “socialization of children from dysfunctional families” by identifying factors of the direct desocializing influence of the family on the child;

Identification of the specifics of the process of socio-pedagogical< поддержки детей из социально неблагополучных семей в условиях социально-реабилитационного центра.

The practical significance of the study lies in:

Implementation of the model of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families into the practice of the social rehabilitation center;

Development and testing of an algorithm for drawing up individual programs of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families, taking into account the specifics of the institution in which the children are.

The results of the dissertation research can be used in the training of social teachers in vocational education institutions, in the system of professional development of social teachers, psychologists and teachers of additional education working in the Centers for the social, socio-pedagogical and psychological rehabilitation of minors, as well as directly in the activities of the Centers for educational purposes.

Provisions submitted for defense: 1. Social and pedagogical support is “specially organized assistance, which consists in identifying the problems of the child in order to implement and protect, his rights to full development and education. The structural "differences between socio-pedagogical support" and socio-pedagogical support of a maladjusted child from a socially disadvantaged family are as follows:

Socio-pedagogical support” is c. rendering; situational help in the life situation in which the child finds himself;

Socio-pedagogical support is characterized by long-term, constant, joint actions of the teacher and the child, which contribute to the formation of positive social needs.

Rethinking the concept of "socialization of children from dysfunctional families" is possible by identifying "factors of the direct desocializing influence of the family on the child, which include: the individual characteristics of the adolescent himself, the destructive style of education adopted in the family, the indifference of parents to the child in the early period of life; emotional instability of the family, destructive relationships between its members, antisocial lifestyle of parents and much more. However, in general, the most powerful factor of desocialization for children at risk is directly the family in which they are brought up:

The peculiarities of the process of social and pedagogical support for children from socially disadvantaged families in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center are that the child, faced with the problems surrounding him, has a natural inner impulse to get rid of them. At the same time, the teacher uses this state understandable for the child to help him translate each problem into a situational task that can be solved using adequate and cultural means for this.

The specifics of socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families in a social rehabilitation / center is the need to:

Take into account the need of children in social rehabilitation centers for support and assistance, focusing on the expectation to receive it from teachers;

Take into account the lack of family interaction, the nature of personal identity, the integration of processes "of socialization, accompaniment, raising children; in the conditions of a social and rehabilitation center: inclusion * in the process of supporting elements of family relationships that contribute to overcoming the" crisis of identification "We", based on content adjustment activities of a social educator, etc.

2. Structural-functional model of socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families" in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center includes a complex-object content-activity, methodological, organizational and managerial components.

3. Technology of socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families in a social rehabilitation center,

12 consists in drawing up individual programs of social and pedagogical support, taking into account the individual and personal characteristics of children and their past social experience, and is implemented in four stages: target, contractual, activity and reflexive. The algorithm for implementing this technology provides for: drawing up a social passport for families and children in difficult life situations; creation of a legal framework for working with socially disadvantaged families (including, if the situation requires it, the procedure for removing a child from a family); diagnosing the level - social maladaptation of a child who finds himself in a difficult life situation - and the level of social disadvantage of the family in which the child lives; Algorithm for drawing up* an individual program” for social and pedagogical support^ for a child from a dysfunctional family in a rehabilitation center, based on the implementation of an agreement between the family and the Center. 4. Under. efficiency applications - technologies socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families is understood as a positive trend of indicators reflecting the effectiveness of the work* of social teachers of the social rehabilitation center. IN; as a criterion-base, the implementation of the model is a criterion of fact and an activity criterion, implemented through a system of indicators: These indicators are: an individual manifestation of a maladjusted "state of the child; fulfillment of an agreement between the family and the Social Rehabilitation Center; return of the child to the family.

Reliability and validity of the results of the study are provided by the methodological argumentation of the main provisions of the study, the logic of its construction, the use of a set of research methods that are adequate to the object, subject, goals, objectives, the presence of a research base, the representativeness of the sample and the results themselves, which confirm the provisions and conclusions dissertation research.

Approbation and implementation of the results of the study was carried out: through the publication of articles in the periodicals of the pedagogical press, including two publications refereed by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation; at meetings and postgraduate seminars of the Department of Social Work and the Department of Social Pedagogy of OmGGTU, through participation in scientific and practical conferences in Tara (2003, 2005, 2010), Omsk (2007, 2008), Moscow (2010).

The dissertation contains an introduction, two chapters, the main generalizations and conclusions of the dissertation research, a conclusion, a bibliographic list of used literature, including 270 titles, applications. The text of the dissertation contains 20 tables and 2 figures.

Similar theses in the specialty "General Pedagogy, History of Pedagogy and Education", 13.00.01 VAK code

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Dissertation conclusion on the topic "General pedagogy, history of pedagogy and education", Bondarovskaya, Larisa Vladimirovna

CONCLUSIONS TO CHAPTER II

1. Social and pedagogical support for adolescents who find themselves in a difficult life situation due to the social disadvantage of the family is carried out in accordance with the model of activity of the social rehabilitation center. The structurally functional model of social and pedagogical support for the pupils of the center contains a complex-object, content-activity, organizational, methodological and managerial components.

2. Analysis of the processes and results of the socio-pedagogical activities of the Center makes it possible to identify families with social problems and belonging to the category of socially disadvantaged, in which minor children live. parents are unemployed; a family where one or both parents are addicted to alcohol turn out to be socially maladjusted, with distorted social skills, deviant and delinquent behavior, violations in the communicative sphere, and a low level of socialization.

3: Technologies of socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families belong to the group of social technologies. The technology of socio-pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center includes the following components: target, contractual, activity, reflexive. The effectiveness of the implementation of the technology of social and pedagogical support for children from disadvantaged families in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center is determined by the positive dynamics of the following characteristics of the social activity of adolescents.

4. Adolescents from dysfunctional families placed in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center are characterized by pronounced social maladaptation. Comparison of the level of social maturity in the final period, after three months, shows that during the period of implementation of the individual program of social and pedagogical support, indicators of social maturity have significantly improved.

5. The construction of an individual program of socio-pedagogical support is based on the allocation strengths formed during the socialization of adolescents: formed communication skills; awareness of the need for the need to receive support and assistance and the delegation of the right to provide it to the teacher.

Conclusion.

One of the most difficult periods in human development is adolescence. It is during this period that the formation of individual characteristics, habits, needs, drives, motives, wills, interests, ways of behavior and relationships with environment- all that creates the uniqueness of the individual. A modern teenager is placed in more stringent conditions of socialization associated with the pace of technological, socio-economic, environmental changes taking place in our society. These changes have a detrimental effect on the family, which can no longer give the teenager a sense of comfort and psychological security, and provide support in the complex process of adaptation to adult life. All this creates conditions for the development of socio-pedagogical deviations in adolescence. Today, there is a significant * increase in the number of adolescents who need social and pedagogical support in order to be able to reveal their potential, learn how to realize their abilities, and cope with life's difficulties.

One of the objectives of the dissertation was to develop a model of socio-pedagogical support for adolescents from dysfunctional families in a rehabilitation center as part of a holistic rehabilitation process focused on overcoming the negative characteristics of communication and the inclusion of a teenager in significant activities and relationships that serve as the basis of the rehabilitation process.

The specificity of the situations of individual interaction "social teacher-teenager" is revealed, which provide recognition of the causes of the adolescent's anxious behavior with communication disorders and overcoming the negative characteristics of communication on the basis of individual contact with the social teacher.

The specifics of situations of mediation, focused on the inclusion of a teenager in significant activities, are revealed; providing overcoming of communicative difficulties, success in activities and updating emotional states associated with business success.

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Social and pedagogical support - the process of jointly with the child, determining his "own interests; goals, opportunities, and ways to overcome obstacles that prevent him from maintaining his human dignity and independently achieving the desired results in learning, self-education, communication, lifestyle. In addition In the context of a personal approach to the education of a child, we mean a system of diverse activities carried out for differentiation, according to interests, inclinations, life aspirations^ and aimed at their identification and support. .

2. Situations of socio-pedagogical support - are a necessary *, link in a holistic rehabilitation process, since they ensure the inclusion of a teenager in socializing processes: activities, communication, relationships.

3. The specifics of socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families in a social rehabilitation center is the need to:

Take into account the need of children in social rehabilitation centers for support and assistance, focusing on the expectation of receiving it from teachers;

Take into account the lack of family interaction, the nature of personal identity, the integration of the processes of socialization, support, education of children, in the conditions of a social rehabilitation center.

Inclusion in the support process of elements of family relationships that contribute to overcoming the crisis - identification - “We”, based on adjusting the content of the activities of a social teacher, etc.;

4. For- technology: socio-pedagogical support of the pupils of the social rehabilitation center, the strategic goal, which is to promote their social rehabilitation, the subject is the natural process of socialization1 of the pupils. This process is carried out on the basis of implementation - technology, which includes four components - target, contractual, activity and reflexive.

5. Socio-pedagogical support is effective if it is focused1 on raising the level of life goals, values ​​"of a teenager, as well as on involving significant people from the social environment in the accompanying process who provide the necessary support. The activities of the team, specialists, provide overcoming the negative characteristics of communication and is aimed at restoring full-fledged processes of socialization * of a teenager in a system of significant relationships and activities.

Further research into the processes of social and pedagogical support for adolescents from socially disadvantaged families can be continued in the direction of differentiation of individually oriented educational routes based on an age-appropriate approach.

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Socialization as a leading concept of social pedagogy.

The essence of socialization consists in a combination of adaptation and isolation of a person in the conditions of a particular society.

Adaptation (social adaptation) is the process and result of counter activity of the subject and the social environment (J. Piaget, R. Merton). Adaptation involves the coordination of the requirements and expectations of the social environment in relation to a person with his attitudes and social behavior; coordination of self-assessments and claims of a person with his capabilities and with the realities of the social environment. Thus, adaptation is the process and result of the individual becoming a social being.

Isolation is the process of autonomization of a person in society. The result of this process is a person’s need to have his own views and the existence of such (value autonomy), the need to have his own attachments (emotional autonomy), the need to independently solve issues that concern him personally, the ability to resist those life situations that interfere with his self-change, self-determination, self-realization, self-affirmation. (behavioral autonomy). Thus, isolation is the process and result of the formation of human individuality.

It follows from the foregoing that in the process of socialization there is an internal, completely insoluble conflict between the measure of a person's adaptation in society and the degree of his isolation in society. In other words, effective socialization presupposes a certain balance of adaptation and isolation.

The stated understanding of the essence of socialization is correct within the framework of the subject-object approach, the essence of socialization is interpreted only as an adaptation of a person in society, as a process and result of the individual becoming a social being.

The socialization of a person in the modern world, having more or less obvious features in a particular society, in each of them has a number of common or similar characteristics.

Scientific approaches to the definition of the term "socialization".

Theories of socialization are based on the understanding of anthropology as a general doctrine about people and the influence on them of social relations that dominate in a certain society at a certain time. N.F. Golovanova notes that the pedagogical characteristic of the concept of "socialization" is expressed by at least five approaches: sociological, factor-institutional, interactionist, interiorization, intra-individual. A.V. Ivanov notes that “the process of personality socialization is reflected in three successive main phases: social adaptation, maximum personalization (for the personal process, this is individualization); integration of the individual into the group. However, it is important to take into account the fact that a person throughout his life is included in different social groups and, therefore, repeatedly goes through all three stages of socialization. At the same time, in some groups it can adapt and integrate, while in others it cannot; in some social groups its individual qualities are valued, while in others it is not. In addition, both the social groups themselves and the individual are constantly changing. A.V. Ivanov considers successful such socialization when “a person is able to protect and assert his autonomy and at the same time integrate into a social group”.



L.V. Mardakhaev, analyzing the essence of socialization, identifies the following components in it: ideological, socio-personal, cultural, emotional-volitional. Each component has an originality depending on the age of a person, the environment of life and self-activity in it according to its knowledge and self-determination in it.

We are of the opinion that socialization is an active interaction between the individual and society, in which, on the one hand, the individual enters the social environment, assimilates social influences, and accepts a system of social norms and values. On the other hand, a person contributes his experience, his creative approach to society, actively transforming it.

Assignment on the topic "Socio-pedagogical activity with children of different categories"

Socio-pedagogical support for children from dysfunctional families.

The focus of the social educator is students and their families, whose rights may be violated. These are students from dysfunctional families, under guardianship, from low-income families, students with disabilities. Particular attention has to be paid to dysfunctional families, which often have a whole range of problems.



Therefore, in order to effectively solve the tasks set, I interact with all participants in the educational process: students, parents, teaching staff and social services of the village and district.

Traditionally, class teachers and teachers have difficulties with children from dysfunctional families. These are the children who are in a critical situation under the influence of some undesirable factors. Children are usually at risk due to the lack of normal conditions for their full development. Undesirable factors that affect children with developmental disabilities and cause a greater likelihood of their unfavorable socialization are physical disabilities, social and pedagogical neglect, living in asocial families, etc.

Despite the fact that not all factors are called family factors, most of them are associated with a violation of the traditions of family upbringing or neglect in the family for the interests of the child, which means that in one way or another it is connected with the family’s troubles.

The algorithm for providing social and pedagogical support to a child includes two stages:

Stage 1 - identifying children in need of special assistance;

Stage 2 - coordination and implementation of preventive and rehabilitation activities.

Every year, at the beginning of the school year, the lists of children by category are adjusted, and a data bank is formed.

It is often necessary to visit the student's family to determine the cause of a student's problems. Then an act of examination of the living conditions of the family is drawn up, which reflects the sanitary condition of the apartment, whether the child has a place to relax, a place to do homework, the provision of the necessary needs of the child in food, clothing, etc.

Every year, the class teacher draws up a class social passport, which contains information about the living conditions and income of the family, the social status of parents, the prospects for education for children (wishes of parents), the state of health of students, their extracurricular activities. Then a social passport of the school is drawn up. This information allows us to make predictions and in advance, without waiting for a problem, to identify points of tension and, if necessary, to attract the attention of psychologists, doctors, and social workers to the family.

For each problem family in our educational institution, a social card has been compiled, which contains detailed information about the family. Such a thorough collection of information about the child and his family often helps to identify the existing problem of the child and help him in time.

There are really many difficulties for children from disadvantaged families, and sometimes the risk of a whole range of problems in different areas of life for these children is higher than for the rest. Therefore, these children need special supervision and attention.

The first problem is low-income families.

Children from dysfunctional families are often hungry and neglected children, so it is necessary to provide them with material support if possible. This could be the following help:

1) Provision of free meals in an educational institution. If the parents cannot or do not want to provide the certificates necessary for this, then the social teacher, after entering the family and drawing up an act of examining the living conditions of the child, confirming the fact that the student really needs this type of assistance, speaks at the teacher's council of the educational institution with a proposal to allocate free food for a child as a student in a difficult life situation. In September and January, the “Kind Heart” action was organized: clothes were collected and given out for children of families L. and S., a team of teachers, administration and students of the school collected funds for free meals for children in the school canteen. Vouchers to the sanatorium in the city of Grayvorona were allocated to children from the families of L. and S. by the social protection authorities. The social pedagogue provided assistance in collecting documents for the children's trip to the sanatorium.

Problem 2 - academic performance and attendance of children.

Parents in such families are often indifferent to the problems of children in an educational institution, they may not wake up the child in time in the morning, do not control his attendance at school and academic performance, and sometimes they simply have no influence on the child.

Every day, class teachers and a social teacher control the attendance of students from disadvantaged families in training sessions, their appearance, and the availability of school supplies.

3 problem - neglect of children during extracurricular time.

Being unsupervised by adults, students can get into unpleasant situations, commit offenses.

To prevent neglect, we interview and monitor the employment of students during extracurricular time. We involve children in classes in school circles and sections. All children from dysfunctional families are involved in the system of additional education.

4 problem - the presence of bad habits and the commission of offenses.

In our educational institution, preventive work is carried out in this direction through:

Implementation of the work plan for the preservation, promotion of the health of students and the prevention of the use of psychoactive substances;

Holding days of prevention with the invitation of inspectors of the State Duma, representatives of the KDN and ZP;

Organization of a lecture hall on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of bad habits with the invitation of a pediatrician of a children's clinic;

Individual conversations with violators with the involvement of the inspector of the State Duma.

5th problem - career guidance for adolescents from dysfunctional families (arrangement after graduation).

Together with a psychologist, we carry out diagnostics of students in order to determine the professional predisposition of these children, then consultations on possible options for continuing education.

With children from dysfunctional families, individual work is carried out to develop the emotional sphere, to form a culture of feelings, i.e. the ability to suppress negative emotions with positive, moral, ethical, intellectual feelings.

Helping a child to find himself, to compensate for social disadvantage with an interesting thing, to find new friends and like-minded people is the main success in the work of a teacher.

Summarizing the above, I would like to note that, acting in contact with administrative and legal services, the child and his family, we have the opportunity to support the little person, show him that he is not alone, strengthen his faith in his own strength and the usefulness of his own personality. This will allow us to educate a person who is ready to enter adulthood, and the child himself - in the future to realize his physical and creative potential.

QUESTIONS FOR THE EXAM ON THE COURSE "SOCIAL

The life of every person, one way or another, is connected with the family. A person is born in a family, in it he takes his first steps, learns the first joys and sorrows, leaves the family for the big world, he rushes to her when he becomes especially uncomfortable in this world.

All social problems of our time, to one degree or another, concern the family, are reflected in its well-being, the ability to perform its many functions, to cope with difficulties.

The role of the family in society is very great, since it is in the family that a person’s personality is formed and develops, he masters the social roles necessary for the child’s painless adaptation in society. The family acts as the first educational institution, the connection with which a person feels throughout his life.

A family is always an association of people, and an association based on love, trust, mutual assistance and unconditional support.

There are many different typologies of the family, considering this topic, it is better to propose the following complex typology, which provides for the allocation of four categories of the family, differing in the level of social adaptation: prosperous families, families at risk, dysfunctional families, asocial families.

Within the framework of this topic, we are talking about dysfunctional families.

A measure of the well-being or trouble of a family can be its impact on adolescents, the style of their attitude towards them. Sometimes, even in outwardly prosperous families (financially secure, with good living conditions, with a high social status, level of education and culture of parents), there are serious violations in interpersonal intra-family relations, in fact, they are dysfunctional, because these violations, as a rule, lead to to personality deformation in the process of socialization of adolescents.

There are the following types of dysfunctional families:

Conflict family - the most common type (up to 60%), with a predominance of a confrontational style of relationship. Conflict marital unions include those in which there are areas between spouses where their interests, needs, intentions and desires constantly clash, giving rise to especially strong and prolonged negative emotions.

Experience shows that the most effective forms of work with such families are:

  • parent meetings;
  • Conferences;
  • Trainings;
  • Individual and thematic consultations;
  • Conversations;
  • Visiting families.

Immoral family - a family that is characterized by the oblivion of all moral and ethical norms (drunkenness, fights, obscene language, drug addiction, etc.).

In conflict and immoral families, the position of children is directly dependent on intra-family relations, and the educational factor deserves the value of a derivative.

Pedagogically insolvent family - a family with a low level of general and lack of psychological and pedagogical culture. It is characterized not only by mistakes and defects in the upbringing of children, but also by an unwillingness to change anything in the content and methods of upbringing. Such a family consciously or unwittingly sets the child to ignore social norms and requirements, to confront the world.

Asocial family - a family in which children from an early age are in an environment of disregard for generally accepted social and moral norms perceive the skills of deviant behavior.

The causes of family trouble are very diverse, they are interconnected and interdependent, between them.

In general, today in our society there is a serious lack of positive impact on children, adolescents, and youth.

Moreover, qualitative changes in the macroenvironment are accompanied by the deformation of the family, which does not perform such basic functions as the formation of a sense of psychological comfort and security in children. The existing negative microclimate in many families causes the emergence of alienation, rudeness, hostility, the desire to do everything in spite, against the will of others, which creates objective prerequisites for the appearance of deviant behavior, demonstrative disobedience, and destructive actions.

The practice of deviant behavior is a pre-planned, well-thought-out system of preventive measures aimed at creating conditions that prevent the emergence of certain forms of social deviations, as well as their spread.

Prevention is usually associated with the planned prevention of some adverse event, that is, the elimination of causes that can cause undesirable consequences.

In order to build preventive work with adolescents prone to behavioral deviations, it is necessary to know both the type of deviation and the reasons that are fundamental in the formation of deviant behavior of adolescents, and in this case, adolescents from dysfunctional families.

To identify the causes of deviant behavior, it is necessary to use a number of simple diagnostic techniques aimed at describing and diagnosing various types and levels of deviant development in children and adolescents.

And having identified such families, one involuntarily asks the question “How to help?”. On the part of the class teacher, this help can be expressed in preventive work.

There are two ways to carry out preventive work: explanatory and proactive.

The task of explanatory prevention is to achieve a strong condemnation by the public of negative manifestations in the youth environment. Systematic conversations with students and parents to explain the consequences of smoking, drunkenness, and the use of household toxic substances contribute to:

Formation of students' psychological immunity to drugs, alcohol, tobacco;

The formation of students' attitudes to maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve their spiritual and moral culture.

An effective tool for the prevention of deviant behavior is individual educational work. It is she who allows for "direct access" to a minor whose behavior can be characterized as deviant.

Experience shows that the most effective in individual educational work are such forms as:

Studying personal documents;

Individual conversations;

Use of rewards: gratitude, commendation, sightseeing trip.

Involvement in hobby activities (circle work).

General group affairs: labor affairs, cultural events, leisure activities.

Education for success.

Individual educational work is the main means of explanatory prevention in a family, college, where constant contact with adults is carried out. The most important thing here is not to make mistakes, since the distortions allowed in individual educational work can lead a difficult-to-educate teenager to illegal actions.

Proactive prevention, on the other hand, has other characteristics. It is aimed not at specific manifestations of deviant behavior, but at entire areas, complexes of social deviations: worldview, labor, family and household. It solves such problems as poor organization of leisure, flaws associated with moral, political, aesthetic education, problems of pedagogical neglect of students.

In this case, speaking about the pedagogical neglect of students (pedagogical neglect is the first stage of the occurrence of deviation), we are talking about proactive prevention. After all, pedagogical neglect is more often a prerequisite for the emergence of other forms of deviation.

The task of pedagogical prevention is solved within the framework of an educational institution, and from two sides: neutralization of external negative factors that affect the formation of the student's personality; suspension of the development of such qualities as laziness, egocentrism, indiscipline.

Elimination of internal causes occurs in the process of re-education of a minor. This process will be more effective if it is combined with preventive measures and acquires a collective character (teachers will involve parents and the public). Public events should be humanistic in nature.

In working with difficult-to-educate adolescents, it is very important to be able to predict the ways of further development of the personality.

For the purpose of educational and preventive work, we can recommend such punishments as: warning, staging, notifying parents; discussion of the behavior of the student in the team of the group; discussion at the Prevention Council of the educational institution.

Due to the fact that in most cases, "difficult" teenagers are brought up in dysfunctional, incomplete, low-income families, one of the areas of prevention will be the examination of families for social security, moral stability. All these families are registered and periodically monitored. In very rare and extreme cases, complete isolation of children from the family occurs when there is a threat to the lives of children or their health.

In terms of the educational work of the college, special sections of work are distinguished: on the prevention of smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism; conducting conversations on various topics of legal education; meetings with a narcologist, law enforcement officers.

The main forms of work with the difficult to educate are visiting families at home, inviting parents to an educational institution, thematic class hours and parent-teacher meetings.

The choice of methods of influencing the personality of a student is determined by the purpose of preventive work and the individual psychological characteristics of a pedagogically neglected student.

The leading goals are: the destruction of negative attitudes and habits of a pedagogically neglected student, the formation of socially useful traits and qualities in him, the education of the ability to withstand adverse influences.

One of the areas of preventive work in our college is the organization of the process of self-education of students. It is through self-education that the results of preventive work are consolidated, the ability of students to manage their behavior in accordance with the norms of morality and law develops.

The success of self-education depends on the degree to which students master the methods by which they organize their behavior and control their feelings.

Educational institutions are of great importance in helping disadvantaged families. Conditions are created for the successful socialization of a teenager from a dysfunctional family, which are implemented with the help of such tasks as: identifying dysfunctional families, providing information and mediation assistance to the family of the "risk group", providing assistance aimed at the successful socialization of a teenager with deviant behavior, reducing the number of dysfunctional families.

List of used literature:

  1. Azarov Yu. P. Family Pedagogy. - M., 1985.
  2. Kleiberg Yu. A., Shakhzadova N. V. Social work and prevention of deviant behavior in adolescents: Uch. settlement - Tver - Nalchik, 2000.
  3. Schneider L.B. Deviant behavior of children and adolescents. - M .: Academic Project; Tricksta, 2005. -336 p.

According to A.V. Mudrik, a social educator is a teacher who studies social education in the context of socialization, i.e. education of all age groups and social categories of people, carried out both in organizations specially created for this, and in organizations for which education is not the main function.

The purpose of his work is to create favorable conditions for the personal development of the child (physical, social, spiritual, moral, intellectual), providing him with comprehensive socio-psychological assistance, as well as protecting the child in his living space. A social educator acts as an intermediary between a child and an adult, a child and his environment, as well as a mentor in direct communication with the child or his environment.

He conducts social diagnostics of families, draws up a program to help the family, and educates parents in matters of raising children.

The social educator, in his professional purpose, seeks to prevent the problem as much as possible, to identify and eliminate the causes that give rise to it in a timely manner, to ensure preventive prevention of various kinds of negative phenomena (social, physical, social, etc. plan). The social educator does not wait to be asked for help. In ethical form, he himself "goes" into contact with the family.

The object of influence of a social educator can be a child in the family, adult family members and the family itself, as a whole, as a team.

The activities of a social educator with a dysfunctional family include three main components of social and pedagogical assistance: educational, psychological and mediation.

Rice. 1. The scheme of social pedagogical activity with a dysfunctional family.

Algorithm for the work of a social educator with a dysfunctional family

Stage 1: study of the family and awareness of the problems existing in it, study of families' appeals for help

Stage 2: initial survey of the housing conditions of a dysfunctional family

Stage 3: getting to know family members and their surroundings, talking with children, assessing their living conditions

Stage 4: acquaintance with those services that have already provided assistance to the family, studying their actions, conclusion

Stage 5: study of the causes of trouble in the family, its characteristics, its goals, value orientations

Stage 6: study of personal characteristics of family members

Stage 7: family mapping

Stage 8: coordination activities with all interested organizations (educational, preschool institutions, the Center for Social Rehabilitation of Children and Adolescents, the Center for Family Protection, shelters, orphanages, the inspection for minors, the commission, etc.)

Stage 9: development of a program of work with a dysfunctional family

10 stage: current and follow-up family visits

Stage 11: conclusions about the results of working with a dysfunctional family.

Social educators can use technologies for working with a dysfunctional family both in general education institutions and in centers for helping families and children, social services for family rehabilitation, etc.

preventive level.

Prevention - this is a set of preventive measures carried out by organizing publicly available medical, psychological and socio-pedagogical support for the family.

At this level, the activity of a social pedagogue is based on the principle of providing reliable information.

One of the ways to improve the condition is the development of such special programs of teacher education and education of parents that would contribute to the full functioning of the family and prevent problems in the relationship between children and parents.

For example, when working with a family in which a child is raised with violence, it is necessary to explain to family members the harmful effects of physical punishment of children and explain humanistic methods of education.

Surveys show that almost all parents who use physical punishment experience difficulties in raising a child, and 87% of them were physically punished in childhood. 40% of parents do not use physical punishment as a means of education, but they have a desire to use it.

The organization of pedagogical education for parents of this category is aimed at making them understand the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior, since parents often do not realize the consequences that physical punishment of a child can lead to. This awareness entails the choice of adequate methods for resolving the difficulties that arise. Parents can and should be trained to decipher the information coming from their children and, depending on it, select the appropriate methods of education.

In the program for establishing humane relationships between children and adults, a prerequisite is the voluntary cooperation of parents and specialists. The program of work with parents is selected depending on the factors that may cause their child abuse. For example, child abuse is often provoked by the loneliness and fatigue of the mother, who is alone all day, in tension, without any support.

When drawing up a program of pedagogical education for parents, it must be taken into account that most of them do not have a special pedagogical education. In addition, the program should be designed in such a way that the acquired knowledge can be used in practice.

The effectiveness of the preventive activities of a social educator directly depends on the correct choice of the method of communication with the family. Careless, condescending or too formal attitude at a meeting, as well as reproaches, intimidation, ultimatums are unacceptable.

When working with families of young children, a specialist may recommend observing the child and trying to understand why he is crying: maybe he is hungry or something hurts him, or the child wants attention. Observation of the child increases the sensitivity of parents to various types of his behavior, leads to their understanding. By learning to observe, parents will be able to independently change their reaction to the behavior of the child.

diagnostic level. There are two possible options for the activity of a social pedagogue:

    voluntarily applied by clients- assessment of the situation and, if necessary, the organization of a consultation with a psychologist;

    in case of involuntary- collecting reliable information about the family, organizing a meeting with her, providing feedback.

Mandatory diagnostic steps are:

collection of information;

information analysis;

social diagnosis.

Table 1 Scheme for diagnosing a dysfunctional family

Customer's point of view

Family point of view

Another specialist's point of view

Own opinion

Client identity

Problem

Need

Weaknesses, etc.

A social educator often finds himself in a situation where he is expected to provide assistance that goes beyond his powers. For example, he is expected to deprive parents of their rights, participate in deciding whether to bring them to court, testify against parents, and sometimes act as a lawyer, entrust the execution of a court decision to supervise or isolate the child. At the same time, he is distracted from direct work, and the social pedagogue may need the help of other specialists.

The task of a social educator is to create a sense of security in the family, he must be firmly convinced of the correctness of his actions, be able to clearly state his goals to the clients with whom he is going to work.

annotation
The article gives recommendations on the provision of socio-psychological assistance to musically gifted adolescents from dysfunctional families.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROVISION OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT MUSICAL GIFTED ADOLESCENTS FROM BAD FAMILIES

Vintin A.I.
Mordovia State University NP Ogareva
5-year student of specialty "History" of Historical and Sociological Institute


Abstract
This article is about recommendations for the provision of psycho-social support musical gifted adolescents from bad families.

Bibliographic link to the article:
Vintin A.I. Recommendations for the provision of socio-psychological assistance to musically gifted adolescents from disadvantaged families // Humanitarian scientific research. 2012. No. 8 [Electronic resource]..03.2019).

Adolescence is a period when rapid physiological and psychological changes occur, the process of the final formation of personality is underway. The living conditions of adolescents in dysfunctional families, the often unsuccessful aspirations of gifted children to manifest, develop and find practical application of their abilities often provoke deviations in behavior, emotional and neuropsychic disorders in them. Therefore, during this period of personal development of adolescents, it is especially important to provide them with socio-psychological assistance in order to prevent and correct possible social and psychological maladaptation.

At the present stage of development of the education system, it became necessary to create recommendations and programs for social and pedagogical support for musically gifted children from disadvantaged families, which would allow early diagnosis of students' socio-psychological deviations and implement a set of measures to correct adolescent character traits.

"Socio-pedagogical support, writes I. Trus, is a complex of preventive, educational, diagnostic and corrective measures aimed at designing and implementing conditions for the successful socialization of adolescents, the prospects for internal growth. I. Coward also highlights the main functions of socio-pedagogical escorts:

recovery function, suggesting the restoration of those positive qualities that prevailed in adolescents before the appearance of character accentuations in them;

compensating function, manifested in the formation in adolescents of the ability to eliminate one or another shortcoming by the effort of activity in the area that he likes the most, where he achieves success faster, where he strives for self-realization;

stimulating function, expressed in the maintenance of those positive personal characterological formations that adolescents have;

corrective function, consisting in correcting those negative characterological changes that occurred in a teenager with the appearance of character accentuations;

socializing function, aimed at providing a teenager with opportunities for social development and social cognition and the formation of various skills and abilities in him, increasing socio-psychological competence. .

After analyzing several models of psychological support for children of different ages, We have identified the following as the basis for our recommendations:

1. The natural development of the personality of a teenager is primary, that is, we consider a teenager not only as an object of socio-psychological influence, but also as an active subject of interaction with parents, teachers, and psychologists. Real changes in the personal qualities of a teenager are possible only if he has the desire and need for self-change, self-development and self-improvement.

2. The sociocultural development of the child passes through his contact with the environment and in the development of this environment.

3. The initial criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the process of socio-psychological support of a musically gifted teenager from a dysfunctional family is the development of the child's individual qualities, the ability to discover new creative resources in himself and the desire to make his own discoveries.

1. Preservation of the natural mechanisms of formation, formation and development of musically gifted adolescents, as well as the prevention of conditions that can deform character traits.

2. Formation and development of an even greater desire for self-knowledge, self-development, self-change, self-expression, self-improvement, and self-actualization in a talented teenager.

Stage 1 - diagnosis of the mental and social health of the child and the identification of his character traits. In this case, a wide range of different methods is used: testing (for example, a test to identify personal attitudes to the world around and people “Unfinished sentences”, etc.), questioning parents and teachers, observation, conversation, analysis of educational work products;

Stage 2 - analysis of the information received, on the basis of which the total number of difficult-to-educate adolescents in the surveyed group, the dominant types of character are determined, groups of adolescents who need socio-psychological and pedagogical support are determined;

Stage 4 - consulting all participants in the process of social and psychological assistance on ways and means of solving the problems of a teenager with deviant behavior;

Stage 5 - problem solving, i.e. implementation of recommendations by each participant;

Stage 7 - further analysis of the development of a teenager (What do we do next?).

We consider it necessary to note that the allocation of these stages of the socio-psychological support of musically gifted adolescents with deviant behavior is very conditional, since each of them has his own problem and its solution requires individual approach. In this regard, in order to provide more effective socio-psychological assistance to musically gifted adolescents from dysfunctional families, in our opinion, it is more expedient to conduct classes on the following topics:(the classes were tested for students of the 7th and 8th grades of the Republican Musical Boarding School of the city of Saransk).

Table - Thematic plan of the training "Me and my world"social functioning of musically gifted teenagers fromdysfunctional families.

Topic name Number of teaching hours

1. Introductory lesson. Introduction to the class. 2

2. Our class: who we are, what we are 2

3. Collaboration policy in our class 2

4. Non-verbal communication. Psychological observation skills. 2

5. Group pressure. The ability to say "no" 2

6. "I like you 6 ... How to approach?" The ability to meet. 2

7. Relationships between girls and boys in adolescence. Conflict Resolution 2

8. How to succeed and become a millionaire? 4

9. Mom, dad, am I a friendly family? 4

10. Advantages and dangers of "star fever". 2

11. Listening 2

12. Feelings and emotions of people. Self-regulation skills. 2

13. Character traits of people 2

14. Final lesson. Summarizing. 2

The structure of classes, according to general psychological practice, must necessarily consist of four parts: the beginning, warming up (E. Alexandrovskaya), the main stage and reflection.

Warm-up stage includes energizing exercises that raise the mood and energy in the group, promote unity, unite adolescents, and include them in joint activities.

The main stage of the lesson involves the use of a variety of forms of activity, conducting 1-2 long exercises that reveal the topic of the lesson.

At the stage of reflection participants can express accumulated tension. With the help of the facilitator's questions, teenagers realize the experience gained during the lesson: What was most memorable? How do you feel at the end of the session? What of the discussion is worth remembering / can be useful? What was important/unpleasant/offensive/difficult? Each session is approximately 1 hour 30 minutes long.

We consider it necessary to mention the experience of the director of the Republican Musical Boarding School Tolkacheva V.P., who, having worked in this area for more than 20 years, has developed her own commandments for working with musically gifted children from dysfunctional families:

If you don't know how to interact with your teen, stop and wait.

You can not use those methods or forms of influence that cause their protest or negative reaction.

You can not fix attention on the failures of adolescents. If this cannot be avoided, it is necessary to give a comprehensive assessment of their causes in a very correct form.

You can not compare a teenager with deviant behavior with anyone in either positive or negative aspects.

It is necessary to build communication with a difficult-to-educate teenager only from the standpoint of cooperation,

You must always be honest. You gave your word - keep it.

In addition, domestic practicing psychologists (A. M. Aleksandrovskaya, N. I. Kokurkina, N. V. Kurenkova, etc.) give the following advice:

1. First of all, it is necessary to let the child feel that he belongs to a class, a group, that he is not rejected and occupies a very important place in the team and corresponds to this place.

2. If the child is included in any group, it is necessary to emphasize the positive results of this act. But categorically it is impossible to force the child to be necessarily in the team. It must be remembered that every child needs to be alone.

3. We need to encourage the child that he allows himself a pleasant pastime, entertainment that requires interaction with others.

4. Try to win his trust. If this happens, the child will drop the mask and open up to you.

5. Evaluate his creative work, put them up for viewing, positive collective discussion.

6. Do not miss the opportunity to emphasize what feelings are appropriate to express in this or that case: we laugh at the funny and cry about the sad, we get annoyed when someone does something bad to us.

7. It is very useful to praise the child if he expresses any positive thoughts.

8. Help your child to understand and express his feelings, using such channels as drawing, playing music and others.

9. Ask your child for help in finding a solution to a problem. Many timid children are intellectually gifted.

10. Draw a diagram with your child to find out who he would like to work with in a group and who in the class has the greatest influence on him.

11. Write down every day how many times you addressed a difficult teenager and how many times you uttered different remarks, comments addressed to him. This will be a reminder of how you work and what progress your teenager is making.

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