In the process of brushing your teeth, minor bleeding may appear as a result of injury to the gums by the bristles of the toothbrush. At the initial stage of this dental disease, various medications, mouth rinses, and a special diet will help to cope with it.
If such inflammation of the gums is left unattended, further treatment can be expensive and lengthy, so it is recommended to visit a dentist in a timely manner to prescribe complex procedures.
Blood in the sink
What is bleeding gums
If the gums begin to bleed during dental hygiene, this is the first sign of dysfunction of an individual organ or the whole organism, but most often the problem signals inflammatory processes in the gum area.
Bleeding gums with gingivitis. Inflammation leads to disruption of normal blood circulation in the gums, resulting in swelling, redness, blue tint of tissues, and various minor injuries. When pressure is applied to such places, the capillaries burst more easily, blood is released from them and unpleasant sensations arise.
Causes of bleeding gums
Only specialists who examine the body and prescribe tests if necessary can correctly identify the cause that influenced the onset of symptoms. The classification is made into two main groups, one of which is directly related to foci of inflammation in the gum area as a result of the accumulation of tartar or improper hygiene, and the other is related to diseases of the body of a general plan.
The first group includes the following diseases:
- Gingivitis characterized by bleeding during brushing, accumulation of plaque and calculus, redness and swelling of the gums, bluish discoloration of the gums, as well as pain during brushing and bad breath. Gingivitis can occur against the background of hormonal disruptions in pregnant women and in adolescents. In neglected conditions, if soft and hard deposits are not removed, the entire near-tooth part can be damaged and periodontitis can develop.
- Periodontitis is a complicated condition of gingivitis, it retains all the symptoms of this disease, but is accompanied by additional problems. With periodontitis, periodontal pockets begin to form, that is, gaps between the tissues of the tooth and the gum. Pathogenic bacteria enter them, leading to inflammation. There is a gradual loosening of the teeth, exposure of the necks, and at stage 3 of the disease, the teeth can fan out to the sides.
- Stomatitis occurs with the development of fungal infections in the oral cavity, is characterized by inflammation of the tongue and gums, the appearance of sores and white plaque, increased salivation and extremely painful sensations.
- periodontal disease manifests itself in the form of dystrophy near the dental environment, which leads to bleeding and loosening of the teeth.
- allergic reactions on the material of the filling or prostheses, as well as their incorrect installation by a specialist.
Bleeding gums The second group of diseases of a general nature and the causes of bleeding include the following:
- Disruption of the thyroid gland, diabetes at all stages.
- Leukemia, in which blood clotting is disturbed, is accompanied by nosebleeds, general weakness of the body, fatigue, and pallor of the skin.
- Viral, fungal and dermatological diseases, the foci of which are localized in the oral cavity.
- Weak immune system, deficiency of vitamins C and K, as well as calcium and other beneficial trace elements.
- Alcoholism, tissue irritation during smoking.
- Long-term treatment with certain types of medicines, for example, for epilepsy and hypertension.
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy and puberty.
Treating bleeding gums at home
You can cure bleeding gums on your own at home only in the initial and middle stages of development.
You should first visit the dentist to remove dental deposits, microbes accumulate inside and make a diagnosis.
You can relieve inflammation and swelling, heal minor injuries and soothe irritated tissues with the help of pharmaceutical preparations specially designed for this, as well as with the help of prescriptions traditional medicine and proper nutrition.
To get rid of bleeding, you need to act on the inflamed gums in a complex way, with the help of various medications and rinses after eating. Be sure to accompany the treatment with the intake of vitamins and calcium, to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and reduce symptoms.
Dental ointments and gels
Solcoseryl-gel
This gel is used to stimulate regenerative processes in gum tissues and normalize metabolism. It restores metabolism, dries up the lymphatic fluid, promotes the healing of connective tissues. The composition of the drug includes dialysate, purified from protein. It is made from the blood of young calves, whose age is not more than 3 months. The dense transparent gel is characterized by the smell of beef broth.
In order for the remedy to work better, the mouth should be rinsed with an antibacterial agent, for example, miramistin or 0.05% chlorhexidine solution, before use.
Apply the gel on inflamed or injured areas of the gums 2-3 times a day after meals and at night. Within 3 hours after application, you can not drink liquid and eat.
Solcoseryl Holisal
The drug is produced for local action on the affected mucous membranes to relieve inflammation, provide an antimicrobial effect, as well as to heal wounds with the effect of anesthesia. The active ingredients of Holisal are choline salicylate, cetalkonium, anise seed oil.
Cholisal is applied to the mucous 2-3 times a day, before meals, for pain relief. The application method is as follows: take a small amount of gel on clean fingertips and gently rub into the gums with massaging movements with slight pressure. With periodontitis, compresses should be done with the substance placed in the gum pockets 2 times a day.
Holisal Metrogil Denta
Gel Metrogyl Denta effectively treats diseases of the oral cavity, has an antimicrobial, antiseptic and disinfecting effect. When applied topically, it is minimally absorbed, no effect on the body. It contains metronidazole benzoate, which is an antibacterial component, as well as a solution of chlorhexidine, which destroys bacteria and viruses.
When bleeding, you need to treat the gums with applications. To do this, make a small cotton swab, apply the gel on it and apply it to the affected area for half an hour for exposure.
Rinse aids
stomatofit
Complex preparation for rinsing contains natural extracts medicinal plants, namely oak bark, chamomile, sage, peppermint, etc. Effectively affects the links of pathogenesis, soothes, has an anesthetic effect when applied. The composition has a detrimental effect on the development of pathogenic bacteria, leading to inflammation of the mucous membranes.
stomatofit Before use, you need to shake the bottle with Stomatofit, measure out 7.5 ml of medicine in a measuring cup and dilute it with 50 ml of boiled warm water. Rinse the mouth and wash the gums 3-4 times a day, for two weeks.
Elfix
Balm Elfix is intended for rinsing the mouth, helps reduce inflammation of soft tissues, prevents the development of caries and plaque formation, eliminates unpleasant odors in the mouth, and reduces tooth sensitivity. The solution is completely ready for use. It is used after morning and evening brushing your teeth, washing your mouth with it for 1-2 minutes. Next, the remedy must be spit out.
Rotokan
Rotokan is an alcoholic tincture in the form of a liquid extract containing medicinal herbs of chamomile, calendula, yarrow. It has a bitter aftertaste of herbs and a dark brown tint. The drug thoroughly disinfects, destroys bacteria in the oral cavity, promotes the healing of injuries and lesions of the gums.
Rotokan For rinsing, you need to take 1-3 tablespoons of the extract, depending on the required concentration of the drug. Next, you need to dilute the product in a glass of boiled water at a warm temperature, and mix thoroughly. Rinsing is carried out 2-3 times a day, 1 minute each time. The course for inflammation and bleeding will be 2-5 days.
Folk remedies
Decoction of oak bark
To prepare this decoction, you will need one tablespoon of dry oak bark. Pour it with 200 ml of water in an enameled container and put on fire. Bring to a boil and cook for 5 minutes. Next, the broth must be cooled, strain through cheesecloth. Rinsing procedures are carried out 2 times a day, in the morning and in the evening.
Camomile tea
Chamomile is known for its antiseptic properties. With bleeding gums, take 1 teaspoon of dried chamomile flowers, pour a glass of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. To relieve inflammation, you need to rinse your mouth after each meal for 1-2 minutes.
pharmaceutical camomile Nettle infusion
Nettle leaves are great for stopping bleeding. Suitable for these purposes, both dry and dried plant. A spoonful of chopped nettle should be poured with 200 ml of boiling water and insisted for half an hour. It is recommended to rinse at least 3 times a day after meals.
Toothpastes
Lacalut
Lacalut aktiv toothpaste has been specially developed to combat bleeding during oral hygiene and to reduce sensitivity. It contains components that do not mask the problem, but have a healing effect that manifests itself immediately upon cleaning.
Toothpaste Lacalut active Lakalut paste strengthens the gums, relieves inflammation qualitatively, and destroys pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the mucosa. The active ingredients of the paste are aluminum lactate, aluminum fluoride, bisabolol, allantoin.
paradontax
Parodontax toothpaste contains herbal ingredients, suitable for daily use for cleaning purposes. Therapeutic composition presented with and without fluorine. In the first case, such a paste is recommended if there is demineralization of teeth and enamel. Without fluorine, it is better to use if the water in the tap has a high concentration of the substance. Paradontax helps to get rid of many problems associated with bleeding, in particular, it is prescribed for gingivitis and periodontitis.
Mexidol
Mexidol dent paste is suitable for the treatment and daily prevention of inflammatory diseases. The active ingredient is xylitol, which has an effective antimicrobial effect. The paste strengthens gum tissue, restores enamel, eliminates the sources of caries, relieves chronic inflammation in the oral cavity.
Proper nutrition and vitamins
In the presence of gum disease, foods rich in vitamins and trace elements, in particular zinc, fluorine, copper, calcium and iron, should be included in the diet. It is advisable to eat fresh raw vegetables, you do not need to chop them.
When chewing hard carrots, apples, the correct load falls on the teeth and blood circulation improves. To strengthen the gums and speed up the healing of wounds from injuries, you need to eat foods with B vitamins, namely lamb and beef meat, boiled eggs, milk, cheese, garlic, oatmeal and almonds.
Carrots are good for teeth and gums Prevention of bleeding gums
To prevent bleeding, you need to visit your dentist regularly and follow his recommendations. Also, you need to carefully observe oral hygiene, brush your teeth at least twice a day, and then use special rinses or herbal infusions. Toothpaste and brush should be selected according to your situation.
Conclusion
Gum disease that results in bleeding when brushing your teeth is a serious problem that requires prompt treatment as it develops quickly. Taking timely measures to eliminate it will allow your gums to become healthy and strong again and you will keep a beautiful smile for a long time. long years.
This is an actual problem that gives people a lot of inconvenience. The presence of bleeding can indicate serious pathologies of the oral cavity. Most patients associate the resulting bleeding with the use of a hard toothbrush, eating solid food, trying to resolve this issue on their own. But if the gums begin to bleed, this is already a good reason to visit the dentist's office, since an inflammatory process has occurred in the patient's mouth.
Gums are bleeding - than to rinse
How could this be dangerous?
An untimely visit to the dentist at the first manifestations of bleeding in the gums can lead to unpleasant consequences. If the gums began to bleed as a result of mechanical damage with a toothpick or a hard-bristled toothbrush, this is one thing, but quite another if an actively developing disease has led to bleeding.
A mild inflammatory process, which is manifested only by bleeding gums, often leads to various diseases of the oral cavity. For example, among all the complications, it is worth highlighting a severe damage to the gum tissue, suppuration. Often, patients are faced with consequences such as tooth loss, or. All these complications are serious, so it is impossible to ignore the appearance of bleeding gums.
Causes of bleeding
There are many factors that can cause bleeding, among which are the following:
On a note! An excess of carbohydrates in food can lead to the appearance of tartar, which provokes the development of periodontitis. You need to review your diet to prevent problems with the oral cavity. Strong stresses that weaken the human immune system should also be avoided.
If bleeding gums occur, you need to consult a doctor for help, who, having identified the causes of the pathology, will prescribe the appropriate treatment. In rare cases, only a specialist will be able to determine the cause and cure the disease.
Characteristic symptoms
Bleeding gums indicate the presence of related problems, but this phenomenon may also be accompanied by some symptoms. As a rule, patients with bleeding notice the formation of plaque, increased salivation, redness and enlargement of the mucous membrane. Often there are pain even with a light touch to the affected gum.
If at least one of these symptoms appears, you should immediately visit the dentist, because they all indicate a problem.
What to do if the gums start to bleed?
Visit your dentist's office to find out if any disease has caused your gums to bleed. If another pathology has become the cause, the doctor will prescribe the optimal course of treatment, and after the disease is cured, the bleeding will automatically disappear. This also applies to pathologies. internal organs or endocrine system, which can cause bleeding. There are many ways to stop the bleeding that has occurred. If you had to face this problem, follow the instructions below.
Step 1. A cold compress will slow down bleeding in the gums. Wrap a few ice cubes in a towel and apply gently to the affected area. If ice is not at hand, then you can take something cold from the refrigerator.
Step 2 Change your toothbrush to one with soft bristles. Mechanical damage to the gums often occurs due to stiff bristles. You also need to review your brushing technique and change it if necessary. All movements should be smooth and accurate, without strong pressure on the teeth and gums.
Step 3 it helps to clean the interdental space from plaque, but it must be used correctly. Firstly, you need to floss your teeth once a day, as frequent use can lead to unpleasant consequences. Secondly, the movements should be smooth so as not to damage the gums.
Step 4 Avoid using mouthwashes that contain alcohol. They destroy germs and freshen breath well, but alcohol-containing products also adversely affect the health of the gums, drying them out.
Step 5 Get rid of bad habits. Many do not know, but smoking harms not only the internal organs, but also the gums. Tobacco contains many toxins that greatly weaken the gums, making them vulnerable to various diseases.
Rinsing the mouth with folk remedies
It is possible to cure various diseases of the oral cavity, including bleeding gums, with the help of traditional medicine recipes. It is worth noting that unconventional methods alone rarely help to cope with the problem, but in combination with medications they are more effective. Self-medication is not recommended, it is fraught with unpleasant consequences. Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult a doctor. Below are some folk recipes used for bleeding.
Table. The use of traditional medicine for bleeding gums.
| Folk remedy | Cooking |
|---|---|
| To prepare the infusion, pour 500 ml of boiling water 3 tbsp. l. chamomile flowers and insist for 2-3 hours. Strain the remedy, then use as a mouthwash twice a week. |
| Put on low heat a mixture prepared from 200 g of oak bark and 400 ml of water. Bring to a boil, then remove the broth from the stove and leave for 20-30 minutes. After straining the remedy, rinse your mouth with it 2-3 times a day. |
| Pour 200 ml of water 2 tbsp. l. dry flowers of the plant and cook over low heat for 10 minutes, without boiling. Strain the infusion through cheesecloth, then use as a mouthwash 2 times a day. |
| The preparation of this remedy is practically no different from other recipes, with the exception of the infusion container. It is advisable to use a thermos for this purpose. Just pour 200 ml of boiling water over 20 g of herbs and leave for 40 minutes. |
| Bring to a boil 30 g of herbs, poured with 200 ml of water, then leave for 30 minutes. Apply the tincture as follows: add 50 drops of the prepared tincture to 200 ml of clean and warm water. Rinse your mouth 2-3 times a day. |
| To prepare the product, pour 400 ml of boiling water over 1 tbsp. l. dry blueberry leaves and insist for an hour. After straining the infusion through several layers of gauze, rinse your mouth with it three times a day. |
salt treatment
In folk medicine, sea salt is often used due to its high iodine content. It is also used to stop various bleeding. You can buy it at the nearest pharmacy, especially since salt costs a little. To prepare a medicinal solution for rinsing, dilute 1 tsp in 200 ml of warm water. sea salt. Rinse your mouth after every brushing your teeth. This will reduce inflammation and stop bleeding gums. In addition, sea salt is an excellent prophylactic to prevent many dental diseases.
Self-medication is an exciting, but rather dangerous activity, if you do not follow the doctor's recommendations. Treatment with folk remedies is certainly effective. But if there is no improvement for 5 or more days, then you need to contact your dentist. The specialist will examine and prescribe the appropriate treatment.
If the gums bleed during pregnancy
It is no secret that when carrying a child, a woman experiences hormonal imbalances. This condition can be either temporary or permanent. During pregnancy, the sensitivity of the gums increases, they become swollen and loose, due to which even minor mechanical effects can damage them. In medicine, there is a special term for this deviation - gingivitis of pregnant women.
During pregnancy, such an unpleasant phenomenon as bleeding can be treated, but the doctor must take into account the condition of the body. future mother and gestational age. Therapy should take place exclusively under the supervision of a doctor in order to avoid unpleasant consequences. As a rule, bleeding goes away on its own after the baby is born.
Prevention measures
To maintain healthy gums and teeth, you must follow the rules of care. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, allocating 2-3 minutes per procedure. Never save on toothpaste and brush, buy only quality products. You should not forget about the inside of the cheeks and the surface of the tongue, because most of the microbes accumulate there. Rinse your mouth with mouthwash after brushing your teeth. If necessary, use dental floss.
If the bleeding has gone, this does not mean that the problem will not return, so make every effort to prevent relapses. Rethink your diet by adding carrots, black radish, and lemon as needed. These products help remove tartar and reduce its formation. Against the background of a weakened immune system, inflammatory diseases can develop in the mouth, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Engage in strengthening immunity, eat healthy food, go to the pool or gym.
As a supplement, take multivitamin preparations that promote a quick recovery. Also, the vitamin complex will improve the general condition of your body.
Video - What to do if the gums bleed
In people of different age categories and gender, sooner or later the question arises: “Why do gums bleed and what to do at home?” During the day, gingival bleeding usually does not occur. Only occasionally, when a person chews rough food, can one feel the taste of blood. The symptom is more often manifested when hygienic care of the oral cavity is carried out.
Bleeding from the gums is associated with inflammation, which indicates gingivitis or periodontitis. It is not uncommon that bleeding is a manifestation of a systemic pathological process, for example, diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency, pathology of the hematopoietic system and blood.
To permanently get rid of the problem, you need to eliminate their source. Patients cannot always find out the cause of bleeding on their own, so it is better to consult a dentist for diagnosis and proper therapy, even if the patient plans to treat bleeding gums at home.
Bleeding gums are provoked by the following factors.
Gingivitis
With gingivitis, only the gingival margin is exposed to inflammation, and this occurs mainly due to pathogenic microorganisms that are located in the neck of the teeth and in the cavity of the periodontal pockets. Colonies of microorganisms occur most often due to poor hygiene or its complete absence.
If the process is not stopped (eliminated) in a timely manner, the inflammation spreads deeper, affecting the periodontal tissues. The gingival margin bleeds only in the process of brushing your teeth.
Periodontitis
When a person shows signs of inflammation of the gingival margin, but they are ignored and not treated, soft and hard dental deposits, which were previously localized in the cervical region of the teeth, begin to deepen.
Over time, periodontal pockets turn into deep, bony pockets due to the destruction of the bone of the alveolar process of the jaw. To get rid of such a disease by regular brushing of teeth will not work, because most microorganisms become inaccessible to hygiene products.
The symptoms of advanced cases of periodontitis are tooth mobility. After a certain period of time, a person will definitely seek treatment from an orthopedic dentist with a diagnosis of partial or complete secondary adentia. It is important that with periodontitis, blood can be seen not only during brushing, but also in the process of chewing, touching the gums, and sometimes spontaneously.
Aggressive brushing technique
Too sudden movements in time can lead to microdamage to the gums. This usually occurs when using a toothbrush with hard bristles, as well as errors in the flossing technique. Flossing is a procedure for cleaning interdental contacts with dental floss.
Poor or no oral hygiene
If a person does not care for the oral cavity, large colonies of pathogenic microorganisms develop, which are visible to the naked eye as dental deposits. Microorganisms are perceived immune system as foreign agents. Immune complexes are included in the mechanism for their destruction and act on those areas of the gums where bacteria are deposited. This is manifested by inflammatory phenomena in these areas, as a protective mechanism.
Hormonal imbalance
An impaired concentration of hormones in the body is observed in adolescents during puberty, in pregnant and lactating women, in the fairer sex during premenstrual syndrome and menopause. The development of inflammation in the gums is associated with improper actions of the immune system.
Malocclusion
If there are any flaws in the dentition: crooked teeth, diastemas and tremas, incorrect jaw ratio, this significantly complicates a person’s life. Food gets stuck between the teeth, microtrauma develops, dry mouth, etc. All this is a provoking factor in the development of inflammation and bleeding of the gums.
Old fillings that have lost their functionality
If the fit of the filling to the tissues of the tooth is broken, microorganisms can accumulate in the microspaces, as well as in the areas of chips. Accumulated microorganisms release toxins in the course of their life activity, which irritate the soft tissues of the oral cavity, provoking inflammatory reactions. If the chipped fillings have sharp edges, there is an additional risk of injury to soft tissues.
Insufficient concentration of iron in the body (a condition of anemia)
Iron is involved in the formation of platelet cells, the main function of which is to thicken the blood. If the trace element is not enough, the risk of bleeding increases several times. Carefully! With iron deficiency, the blood is very difficult to stop, because it does not clot well. In case of anemia, any intervention should be carried out with caution, including professional teeth cleaning.
Home remedies to relieve inflammation and get rid of gum bleeding
Bleeding gums can be treated at home using clove oil and tea tree oil. Clove oil is rich in phenolic compounds. They allow you to stop inflammation and destroy bacterial cells that live in the mouth. Clove oil is also credited with analgesic properties.
Tea tree oil works:
- antiseptic;
- antibacterial;
- anti-inflammatory;
- decongestant.
Cooking recipes:
Bleeding gums can be treated with soda-saline solution. To do this, dissolve in warm water a teaspoon of baking soda and salt. It is allowed to rinse the mouth up to 5-6 times a day. Doctors for rinsing often prescribe decoctions of chamomile, oak bark, calendula. All of these medicinal herbs have good anti-inflammatory properties.
Another remedy for bleeding gums at home - lemon juice. It must be mixed with water. Rinse your mouth after every meal. Honey will help to cope with inflammation in the gums, and, therefore, with bleeding. It just needs to be rubbed into the affected areas. For rubbing, a gel obtained from aloe vera leaves is also used.
Gels that help strengthen the gums and get rid of bleeding
Gel preparations are the most effective. Due to their consistency, they create a thin film on the surface of the gums, which has a therapeutic effect longer than other agents. You can buy the gel at any pharmacy chain and you don’t need a prescription from a dentist.
Based on clinical observations and patient reviews, the most effective drugs in this group can be called:
- Metrogil denta.
- Solcoseryl-gel.
- Dental.
- Holisal (the drug can be used even in infants).
If the gums bleed folk remedies, undoubtedly help, but it is better to combine them with pharmacological preparations. Gels are recommended to be used daily, at least 3 times a day. Apply to the mucous membrane with light, massaging movements. This will improve tissue trophism and accelerate the action of the drug.
Rinsers
Home treatment for bleeding gums can be carried out by rinsing with pharmacological preparations: hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine solution, furacilin solution.
The advantage of hydrogen peroxide is that in addition to the anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect, it effectively fights dental plaque and acts as a preventive drug against other dental diseases. Hydrogen peroxide speeds up the healing process of wounds in the oral cavity.
Solutions of chlorhexidine and furacilin have an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, preventing the development of secondary infection. Doctors recommend rinsing 2 times a day: in the morning and in the evening. The procedure is best done half an hour after eating, immediately after hygienic care. The course of treatment is from 10 to 14 days, depending on the clinical situation.
In combination with rinsing with these drugs, you can use folk remedies: decoctions of medicinal herbs or soda-salt solution.
Patients should remember that treatment with all of the above methods is symptomatic. That is, they alleviate the condition, but do not relieve the cause. To eliminate the cause, you need to undergo treatment at the dentist. Since the main causative factor is poor hygiene and heavy plaque, the doctor conducts professional oral hygiene, explains to the patient the need and benefits of hygiene care and teaches the correct technique of brushing teeth.
Folk remedies
Popular folk remedies for bleeding gums are compresses:
- from propolis.
- From plantain.
They can be done several times a day until the bleeding gums disappear. Propolis is simply applied to the gums for 20-30 minutes.
To make a compress from plantain leaves, they must first be washed well under running water. Then fold several times, you can pre-mash so that the juice comes through. You need to fold it so that the inside of the sheet is at the top. The prepared compress is placed on the gum for at least half an hour. The procedure is carried out several times daily until inflammation and bleeding disappear.
Choice of paste and brush
When bleeding gums are observed, home treatment should be combined with proper brushing of the teeth. To reduce the risk of traumatic effects on the gums, it is temporarily recommended to use. Toothpaste should be therapeutic or treatment-and-prophylactic.
Bleeding gums gives a person considerable discomfort and pain during meals and in the process of brushing teeth. Such manifestations cannot be ignored, since in most cases they are a symptom of a serious illness. In order to prevent the development of dangerous pathology and tooth decay, it is necessary to treat it in a timely manner. This can be done not only in dentistry, but also at home with the help of medicines or folk remedies.
Causes of bleeding
Before taking any measures to eliminate the problem, it is necessary to find out the cause of bleeding gums. Most often this can be:
- Lack of proper oral hygiene or improper implementation. Neglect of brushing your teeth leads to the multiplication of pathogenic microflora. In the oral cavity, it occurs in the form of plaque, which, if untimely removed, contributes to the appearance of bad breath. Blood also appears if the toothbrush or paste is not properly selected.
- Diseases of the teeth. Bleeding can be a symptom of the presence of tartar and diseases such as caries, periodontitis, periodontal disease.
- Avitaminosis. Lack of vitamins leads to inflammation of the gums and damage, which is why they begin to bleed. Often the cause of beriberi is the lack of good nutrition.
- Abuse of bad habits. Excessive addiction to smoking and alcohol affects the condition of the teeth negatively.
- Hormonal disbalance. It is observed in adolescents during puberty and in women during menstruation, pregnancy and menopause.
In some cases, the gums bleed in the presence of latent disease internal organs. It is not possible to determine the cause of the pathology on your own, therefore, if the gums are bleeding, you should consult a doctor.
Folk remedies
Bleeding gums can be cured with the permission of the dentist at home. Therapy involves a set of specific procedures and the use of drugs. Today, pharmacies sell many different products, the use of which can significantly strengthen the gums and teeth. These include medicated ointments and gels, toothpastes and mouthwashes. Such funds are recommended to be used only after visiting the dentist. If the cause of bleeding gums is beriberi, then the doctor may advise you to drink a complex of vitamins.
You can speed up the process of gum restoration by resorting to the use of traditional medicine recipes. You can get rid of bleeding with the help of the following means:
- Baking soda. A solution is prepared from it. To prepare it, you need to dissolve 1 tablespoon of soda in a glass of warm boiled water. The resulting remedy is recommended to rinse the mouth three times a day. The soda solution will help relieve inflammation and speed up the healing process of minor gum injuries.
- Salt. Its use will also relieve irritation. To prepare the solution, use sea or iodized salt: 1 tablespoon must be dissolved in a glass of water. Ready liquid should be used for rinsing the mouth 3-4 times a day.
- Honey and salt. The components are mixed in equal proportions. The resulting product should be applied to the inflamed gums with massaging movements. Salt is recommended to use sea or iodized, and always fine, so as not to damage the mucous membrane. The procedure should be performed before going to bed for 7-10 days.
- Black radish. It must be crushed with a grater or blender, squeezed out of the resulting mass of juice and used to rinse the mouth 3-4 times a day.
Important: therapy with folk remedies must be agreed with the dentist. Self-medication can lead to an increase in the focus of inflammation and to an exacerbation of the existing disease.
Therapy with medicinal plants
You can eliminate bleeding with the help of medicinal plants:
| Herbs | Method of application and action | |
| Oak bark | A decoction is prepared from it, used as a mouthwash. To prepare it, you need to pour 1 tablespoon of dry bark with 1 glass of water, bring to a boil over low heat, insist for half an hour and strain. It is recommended to rinse the mouth with a ready-made decoction 2 times a day after performing hygiene procedures with a brush and paste. The tool will help protect the enamel from exposure to rough food. | |
| calamus root | Its use will eliminate bleeding and bad breath. To prepare the infusion, 1 tablespoon of crushed root should be brewed with 1 cup of boiling water, insist for an hour and strain. It is recommended to rinse the mouth with the finished product, each time holding it in the mouth for 2-3 minutes. | |
| pharmacy chamomile | From it prepare a liquid for rinsing. To prepare the infusion, pour 1 tablespoon of dried chamomile inflorescences with 1 cup of boiling water, insist under a closed lid for 20 minutes and strain. The resulting product should be rinsed in the mouth 2-3 times a day after brushing your teeth. | |
| Rose hip | A tincture is made from the flowers of the plant. To prepare it, 5 tablespoons of dried inflorescences are poured into 0.5 liters of alcohol and insisted for 2 weeks. The finished tincture is used as a rinse three times a day, diluting 1 teaspoon in a glass of boiled warm water. | |
| Aloe | To prepare the medicinal product, the leaves of the plant must be carefully crushed to a state of slurry. The resulting mass must be insisted under the lid for at least an hour. Then the mixture must be boiled in an enamel pan, strained and poured into a glass jar for storage. The finished product should be stored in a dry, dark, cool place. It is recommended to use a healing liquid for rinsing with inflammation of the oral mucosa 2-3 times a day | |
| Calendula | Her infusion will help relieve irritation. To prepare the drug, you need to pour 1 tablespoon of inflorescences with a glass of boiling water, leave for half an hour and strain. The resulting infusion is recommended to rinse at least 2 times a day for 3-4 minutes after brushing your teeth. | |
| Nettle | A decoction is prepared from the plant for rinsing. To prepare it, 1 tablespoon of dry nettle is brewed with 1 cup of boiling water, from the moment of boiling, boil for 5 minutes over low heat and insist until cool. The finished broth is filtered and used three times a day after brushing your teeth. | |
| Sage | The plant has healing properties. To prepare sage infusion, you need to brew 1 tablespoon of 0.5 liters of boiling water and insist under the lid for at least 15 minutes. The finished product should be filtered and used to rinse the mouth in the morning after waking up and in the evening before going to bed. Its use will promote the healing of small wounds and cracks in the gums. | |
| Plantain | It is used as a compress. The leaves of the plant must be washed under running water and applied to the inflamed gums for 15-20 minutes. It is recommended to repeat this procedure every 2 hours (6-7 times a day) | |
The use of the above methods will eliminate bleeding, strengthen the enamel and gum mucosa, and prevent the development of a serious dental disease. To prepare a rinse, you can also use herbal preparations, combining herbs in equal amounts. Important: herbal infusions, teas and decoctions retain their beneficial features no more than a day, so it is recommended to prepare a fresh remedy daily.
Prevention of dental diseases
To prevent not only the occurrence of bleeding, but also other dental pathologies in the future, it is necessary to adhere to the following recommendations:
- Maintain proper oral hygiene. Brush your teeth using a toothbrush with the use of paste should be at least 3 times a day - after each meal. It is important to perform the procedure correctly, cleaning even hard-to-reach places. The duration of cleaning should be at least 2 minutes. At the final stage, you need to thoroughly rinse your mouth with warm water, avoiding that the toothpaste remains on the teeth and gums. If necessary, use dental floss. If it is not possible to brush your teeth after eating, you should use mouthwash or chewing gum.
- Carefully choose the means and hygiene items for dental care. It is important to purchase high quality toothpastes and mouthwashes. The brush with bleeding gums should be of medium hardness. Too hard will damage the inflamed mucosa, and soft will not be able to properly clean the enamel and the space between the teeth. Toothpaste with a tendency to bleeding should be purchased at a pharmacy, it is desirable that it contains a large percentage of fluorine. Firming effect means with extracts of medicinal herbs. Whitening pastes should be avoided.
- Follow nutrition. The daily diet should contain fish and poultry meat, cereals, dairy products, nuts, vegetables and fruits. Their use will prevent beriberi, make up for the lack of useful trace elements, calcium and protein, copper and iron, which will prevent problems with teeth. It is important to control the amount of fatty, spicy and salty foods.
- Give up smoking and alcohol. Passion for bad habits over time will lead to an exacerbation of dental disease and, as a result, to complete loss of teeth.
- Do exercises to strengthen your teeth. You should periodically strain the muscles of the oral cavity, strongly clamping the jaws. Rotational movements, up and down, to the sides are useful. Such classes should be carried out at least half an hour a day - 3 times for 10 minutes. You can strengthen your teeth by eating fresh carrots and apples.
Important: visit the dentist at least once every six months. This will prevent the disease, and if it is present, start treatment at an early stage of development. You should also resort to the help of a specialist if there is plaque that is not removed with a toothbrush, and hard deposits between the teeth. Dentists in the presence of such formations use professional cleaning.
Bleeding gums can be periodic and appear only with mechanical irritation of the gums or bother for a long time. Poor and irregular oral hygiene is the most common factor that leads to the appearance of pathological conditions accompanied by bleeding gums. Delayed diagnosis of the causes of bleeding gums can result in loss of teeth or damage to the jaw bones.
Anatomy of the tooth and gums
Teeth are organs that are located in the oral cavity and serve for the mechanical processing of food ( grasping, grinding, grinding food). The teeth are arranged in two rows ( dental arches).Depending on the form and functions that they perform, the following groups of teeth are distinguished:
- incisors;
- fangs;
- premolars ( small molars);
- molars ( large molars).
The relationship of the teeth with a complete closure of the jaw is called a bite. Distinguish between temporary and permanent bite. Temporary bite is represented by 20 milk teeth. It is replaced by a permanent bite, which is represented by 32 teeth. An adult has 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars in each half of each jaw. Changing teeth occurs once in a lifetime. Milk teeth begin to erupt at 5-7 months of age. At the age of 5-7 years, milk teeth fall out, gradually being replaced by permanent ones.
Each tooth is divided into the following sections:
- Crown of the tooth is the thickened part of the tooth that protrudes into the oral cavity.
- Tooth root is the part of the tooth located in the jaw alveolus ( recess in which the tooth is located).
- neck of the tooth- this is the place of transition of the crown to the root. In the cervical region, a circular ligament of the tooth is attached, which goes to the necks of adjacent teeth, gums and alveoli.
The basis of the tooth is dentin. Its structure is similar to that of bones. Outside, in the region of the crown of the tooth, the dentin is covered with enamel, and in the region of the root, it is covered with cementum. Enamel is considered the hardest tissue in the human body. The basis of tooth enamel is calcium and phosphorus. The condition of the enamel is determined by the ratio of these elements. Enamel protects the pulp and dentin from external irritants. Cement consists of collagen fibers and a base substance impregnated with calcium salts.
Periodontium is located between the bone alveolus and cementum. Periodontium performs trophic, supporting-retaining, plastic, protective functions. The alveolus, periodontium, and gums that surround the teeth are called the periodontium.
The functions of the periodontium are:
- barrier function is to protect against the action of external and internal stimuli.
- Trophic function provided by a well-developed network of blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve endings.
- shock absorbing function is to protect tissues from injury.
- plastic function consists in the regeneration of periodontal tissues with pathological changes.
There are the following parts of the gum:
- Free ( interdental) gum The part of the gum that is located between two adjacent teeth. Part of the free gum is the interdental papilla, which has the shape of a triangle with the apex facing the cutting surfaces of the teeth.
- Attached gum. This is the part of the gum that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws. It is tightly fused with the periosteum and is inactive due to the absence of a submucosal layer.
- Marginal part of the gum (marginal gingiva) - this is the part of the gum that is adjacent to the neck of the tooth, circular fibers are woven into it ( circular) ligaments of the tooth.
The blood supply to the teeth and gums is carried out by the branches of the maxillary artery. The blood supply to the maxilla is provided by the superior alveolar arteries, and the blood supply to the mandible is provided by the inferior alveolar arteries. The outflow of blood is carried out by the veins of the same name, which accompany the arteries. The innervation of the teeth and gums is carried out by the branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Why does blood appear when brushing teeth?
When brushing your teeth, gum bleeding is most common. The reasons for this phenomenon can be varied. Most often, the gums bleed when brushing your teeth due to improper and irregular brushing, an improperly selected toothbrush, and the presence of oral diseases. Poor oral hygiene contributes to the appearance of blood when brushing your teeth. This is due to the activity of microorganisms in plaque, which accumulates in the form of a film on the surface of the teeth. Initially, soft dental deposits are formed, which can be removed with a toothbrush and dental floss. Further, the lack of proper hygiene leads to the hardening of plaque, which serves as the basis for the formation of tartar. Tartar, in turn, is an irritant to the gum tissue and contributes to its inflammation, which, when brushed, is manifested by bleeding.
Improper brushing of teeth causes mechanical injury to the gums, as a result of which they bleed. Often, the gums bleed due to errors in choosing a toothbrush. In the presence of periodontal disease, it should not be rigid, as this serves as an additional traumatic factor. It is recommended to use one toothbrush for 1-2 months, after which it is necessary to replace it with a new one. Also, this symptom may appear due to careless and sudden movements when brushing your teeth. Often gums bleed when brushing teeth with floss ( dental floss). It should be noted that dental floss is an indispensable tool for cleaning interdental spaces, and bleeding occurs only as a result of improper use of the floss and damage to the gums during brushing.
Also, when brushing your teeth, the gums can bleed due to the presence of diseases of the oral cavity. Such diseases can be gingivitis ( gum disease), periodontitis ( periodontal inflammation), periodontal disease ( systemic periodontal disease). In this case, bleeding does not go away until the disease that caused it is treated. The mechanism of bleeding in this case is the increased permeability of the capillaries of the gums, the fragility and fragility of the walls of blood vessels, for which brushing the teeth is a traumatic factor.
As a rule, if the gums rarely bleed when brushing your teeth, then this is most likely due to neglect of the rules of oral hygiene and injury to the gums as a result of improper brushing of the teeth. If this symptom is persistent, you should consult a doctor to find out the cause of bleeding and treatment.
Causes of bleeding in the gums
The causes of bleeding in the gums are often pathologies of the gums and periodontium. The most common pathologies that are accompanied by bleeding gums are gingivitis, periodontal disease, periodontitis. Also, gums often bleed when mechanically damaged. Causes of bleeding in the gums
| Pathologies that cause bleeding in the gums | Bleeding mechanism | Possible consequences |
| Gingivitis | With gingivitis, the protective and adaptive mechanisms of the gums are weakened. The formation of dental plaque, hard dental deposits in gingivitis is a condition for the accumulation of bacteria that play a leading role in the mechanism of gingival inflammation. As a result, there is a violation of microcirculation and the formation of gingival edema due to increased permeability of the vascular wall. Inflammation can occur with thickening of the gingival papillae or, conversely, with their atrophy ( decrease). Due to the local inflammatory process, ulcerations form on the mucous membrane, the gum capillaries become fragile, which is accompanied by bleeding. There is a thinning of the epithelium, which is also accompanied by soreness and bleeding at the slightest touch. Hypertrophic gingivitis causes parakeratosis ( pathological keratinization of the epithelium). |
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| periodontal disease | With periodontal disease, microcirculation is disturbed and a neurodystrophic process develops ( violation of tissue trophism). With the progression of the disease, resorption of bone tissue and periodontium occurs, and the stability of the dentition is lost. With poor-quality oral hygiene, an inflammatory process joins the violations of the trophism of periodontal tissues. Inflammation is accompanied by fragility ( fragility) the walls of the capillaries of the gums, which is accompanied by bleeding. |
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| Periodontitis | The main links in the pathogenesis of periodontitis are inflammation, alveolitis ( destruction of the jaw alveoli) and periodontal pocket formation. The disease begins with inflammation of the gums, which goes to all parts of the periodontium. Dental attachment is broken. Dental deposits with pathogenic microflora get into periodontal pockets. The local reaction of periodontal tissues to the activity of microorganisms and their toxins occurs at the capillary level and consists in the development of the inflammatory process. In response to this, enzymes and biologically active substances are released. There is a sharp dilatation extension) capillaries and an increase in their permeability, which is clinically manifested by bleeding and swelling. If at this stage the etiological factor is not eliminated, the pathological process becomes chronic, edema intensifies and trophism is disturbed ( nutrition) tissues. With generalized periodontitis, the barrier function of the periodontium is disturbed and the reactivity of the organism decreases. |
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| Mechanical damage | With mechanical damage to the gums, a violation of the integrity of the tissues and vessels of the gums occurs, which leads to the appearance of bleeding. In connection with the violation of the integrity of the epithelium of the gums, the risk of purulent complications increases. |
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Complications of the above diseases can be not only local. Often, the presence of a chronic inflammatory focus in the oral cavity is accompanied by a risk of developing systemic diseases ( damage to the cardiovascular system, respiratory diseases). During pregnancy, the presence of periodontitis or gingivitis is fraught with premature birth.
Bleeding gums in various pathologies
Bleeding is often the first symptom of periodontal and gum disease, which can be inflammatory, dystrophic or mechanical in nature. As a rule, bleeding is accompanied by other symptoms - pain, swelling, itching, discomfort, which can be permanent or appear under certain conditions. Gingivitis as a cause of bleeding gums
Gingivitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums, which is characterized by the preservation of the integrity of the periodontal junction. Gingivitis occurs predominantly in young people ( up to 30 years). Inflammation of the gums can occur in a localized or generalized form. The localized form of gingivitis is a consequence of the action of local factors ( poor oral hygiene, vital activity of plaque microorganisms). The generalized form usually occurs with systemic diseases ( diabetes mellitus, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, leukemia, infectious diseases). Gingivitis can also be one of the manifestations of occupational intoxication ( poisoning) mercury, lead, bismuth. Often gingivitis occurs as a result of an acute respiratory infection ( SARS).Gingivitis is common in people with orthodontic braces ( braces), because they ( especially with poor oral hygiene) serve as a site for the accumulation of plaque.
The intensity of lesions in gingivitis varies depending on the severity of the disease. With mild gingivitis, damage to the gingival papillae occurs, with moderate gingivitis, damage to the marginal gums joins the inflammation of the papillae. The defeat of the entire gum is characteristic of severe gingivitis.
The diagnosis of gingivitis is established on the basis of patient complaints and examination of the oral cavity using dental instruments. The main complaints of patients with gingivitis are bleeding and soreness of the gums, bad breath. With various forms of gingivitis, additional symptoms may appear.
Gingivitis can occur in several forms:
- catarrhal;
- hypertrophic;
- ulcerative necrotic;
- desquamative.
Catarrhal gingivitis
Catarrhal gingivitis is the most common form of gum disease. Catarrhal gingivitis usually has a chronic course with periodic exacerbations. Patients, as a rule, go to the doctor with an exacerbation of the pathological process, complaining of severe bleeding of the gums when brushing their teeth and eating, increased sensitivity of the gums, and bad breath.
On examination, the following symptoms of catarrhal gingivitis are revealed:
- swelling of the gums;
- hyperemia ( redness) gums;
- modified gingival contour;
- bleeding;
- positive Schiller-Pisarev test ( lubrication of the gums with Schiller-Pisarev solution, after which the gum acquires an intense color in the presence of chronic inflammation);
- absence of a periodontal pocket unlike periodontitis.);
- the presence of soft and hard dental deposits.
A common cause of hypertrophic gingivitis is hormonal changes ( pregnancy, adolescence). Most often, hypertrophic gingivitis is localized in the region of the anterior teeth. Gingival hypertrophy is characterized by its deformation, hypertrophied gum can cover the tooth crown from 1/3 to 2/3 or cover it completely. Hypertrophic gingivitis can manifest itself in an edematous or fibrous form.
The edematous form of hypertrophic gingivitis is manifested by an increase in the volume of the gums and bleeding gums. Moreover, bleeding can occur both when brushing your teeth and eating, and when you touch the gums. The gums become glossy with a bluish tinge. In addition to bleeding, swelling of the gingival papillae and soreness are characteristic. Patients complain of aesthetic disorders. The formation of false ( gingival) pockets ( formation of space between the tooth and the gum without loss of the periodontal connection).
In the fibrous form of hypertrophic gingivitis, keratinization of the gingival epithelium occurs, proliferation ( overgrowth) connective tissue. Bleeding with this form of gingivitis is very rare. The main complaints are gingival deformity and aesthetic defect associated with gingival growth. On examination, subgingival deposits, gingival pockets are revealed.
Ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis
Ulcerative necrotic gingivitis is usually characterized by an acute course. The first symptoms of this disease are soreness and bleeding of the gums. Eating is usually difficult. In addition to local symptoms, ulcerative gingivitis is characterized by worsening general condition patient with fever, weakness, malaise. On examination, a gray-necrotic plaque is detected on the gingival margin, necrotic interdental papillae. An attempt to remove plaque is accompanied by severe pain and bleeding.
Characteristic changes occur in the blood - an increase or decrease in the level of leukocytes ( white blood cells), increased ESR ( erythrocyte sedimentation rate) . On the radiograph, characteristic changes are not detected.
Ulcerative necrotic gingivitis often appears in diseases such as leukemia, agranulocytosis ( a disease of the hematopoietic system, which is characterized by a sharp decrease in the level of leukocytes), therefore, it is necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis to exclude these diseases. For this, a detailed clinical blood test and instrumental studies are prescribed.
Desquamative gingivitis
Desquamative gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums accompanied by desquamation ( flaking) epithelium and intense hyperemia ( redness) gums. The causes of desquamative gingivitis may be metabolic disorders ( metabolism in the body), infectious diseases, hormonal imbalance, allergic reaction.
At the first stage of this disease, patients rarely go to the doctor, since there is no bleeding and soreness of the gums, only a slight reddening of the gums is noted. With the progression of the disease, brushing the teeth becomes painful and is accompanied by bleeding, patients complain of a “burn” sensation in the gums. The mucous membrane of the gums becomes bright red, palpation ( feeling a) gums is very painful. The epithelium of the gums exfoliates in layers, accompanied by bleeding. This disease is characterized by a deterioration in the general condition of the patient.
Periodontal disease as a cause of bleeding gums
Periodontal disease is a rare disease 1 - 8% of patients). This disease mainly affects the elderly. Often, periodontal disease has an asymptomatic course, in connection with this, patients go to the doctor late, when, along with dystrophic changes, an inflammatory process develops.The first stage of periodontal disease is characterized by a poor clinical picture. Patients complain of increased sensitivity in the neck of the teeth, itching and discomfort in the gums. The gum is smoothed, in the area of the affected teeth, a roller-like thickening of the gums can be noted. Good fixation of the teeth is maintained, dental deposits are present in small quantities. Mild periodontal disease is characterized by gingival recession ( reduction of gums in volume, accompanied by exposure of the necks and roots of the teeth) up to 3 mm.
With moderate and severe periodontal disease, gum recession of more than 5 mm is noted. Patients complain of an aesthetic defect, hypersensitivity, itching. With significant exposure of the necks and roots and teeth, the fixation of the teeth is disturbed, which can lead to tooth loss.
The exposure of the necks and roots of the teeth is pathognomonic ( characteristic of a particular disease) is a sign of periodontal disease. On this basis, and by reducing the height of the interdental septum, the severity of the disease is determined.
Severity of periodontal disease
| Signs of the disease | Light degree | Average degree | Severe degree |
| The degree of exposure of the necks and roots of the teeth | Exposing the necks of the teeth up to 1/3 of the size | Exposure of necks and roots of teeth up to 1/2 size | Complete root exposure |
| Reducing the height of the interdental septum | up to 1/3 | Up to 1/2 | More than 1/2 |
When an inflammatory component joins the dystrophic process, a characteristic clinical picture is observed - in the area of some teeth, the gum becomes pale and tightly covers the roots of the teeth, periodontal pockets are absent, while in the area of other teeth there is hyperemia of the gums, the presence of periodontal pockets, suppuration.
The diagnosis of periodontal disease is established on the basis of data from the clinical examination of the patient and is confirmed by the results of radiography and orthopantomography ( panoramic tomography), which reveals sclerotic changes in bone tissue ( connective tissue replacement), reducing the height of the interdental septa. In case of periodontal disease complicated by inflammation, it is important to conduct a differential diagnosis with periodontitis.
Periodontitis as a cause of bleeding gums
Periodontitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of periodontal tissues and destruction of bone tissue. Periodontitis most often occurs in a chronic form with periods of exacerbation and remission. Clinical manifestations periodontitis are increased sensitivity of the gums, bleeding when brushing teeth and eating. On examination, cyanotic ( cyanotic) gingiva shade.Periodontal inflammation can be localized or generalized. Localized periodontitis is caused by local causes ( improper installation of prostheses, ingress of filling material into the interdental space) and is limited to the region of one or more teeth. With generalized periodontitis, the entire dentition is affected.
A characteristic feature of periodontitis is the presence of periodontal pockets. The depth of periodontal pockets varies depending on the severity of periodontitis. With mild periodontitis, the depth of periodontal pockets does not exceed 4 mm, with moderate periodontitis - up to 5 mm. Severe periodontitis is characterized by pockets with a depth of more than 6 mm, with purulent contents. The depth of the periodontal pocket is measured using a special probe, which is graduated. The probe is inserted between the tooth and the gum until it stops at the deepest point, after which the depth of the periodontal pocket is recorded in millimeters.
With an exacerbation of the pathological process, there is a deterioration in the general condition of the patient, severe pain in the gums and bleeding, pus is released from the periodontal pockets. The gums become hypertrophied and edematous, pathological tooth mobility of varying degrees appears. Pressing on the gum causes pain.
A separate form of periodontitis is considered to be prosthetic periodontitis, which occurs due to the traumatic effect of prostheses on periodontal tissue. As a rule, such a pathological condition is associated with poor-quality prosthetics. Prosthetic periodontitis is characterized by limited tissue damage in the area of their contact with the prosthesis. When examining the microflora of the dentogingival sulcus, it is revealed that the total number of microbes is higher in the area of the teeth in contact with the prosthesis, and anaerobic microorganisms are predominantly detected ( microorganisms that can thrive in an environment without free oxygen), which are most often responsible for the occurrence of periodontitis.
Pathological changes are detected by X-ray examination. The contours of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the jaws are indistinct, there are foci of bone tissue destruction, bone resorption. The structure of bone tissue changes only in the affected areas.
A microbiological examination of the contents of periodontal pockets can also be carried out to detect pathogenic microorganisms and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics, which is of great importance for the effectiveness of treatment.
Mechanical damage as a cause of bleeding gums
Mechanical damage to the gums occurs quite often. Mechanical damage to the gums can be acute or chronic. The causes of this pathological condition can be varied.The most common causes of mechanical damage to the gums are:
- Poor cavity hygiene of the mouth entails the accumulation of dental deposits, which are initially soft ( plaque) and can be removed with a toothbrush. Then there is calcification and compaction of dental deposits, resulting in the formation of tartar, which is a mechanical traumatic factor for the gums. Poor oral hygiene refers to irregular and poor-quality brushing of teeth.
- Injury to the gums with dental instruments occurs infrequently and is the result of accidental injury.
- Poorly fitted dentures is a problem that occurs quite often. In this case, an occlusion violation occurs ( relationship between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws), that is, the dentition or individual teeth do not completely close. This, in turn, leads to excessive stress on the teeth and damage to the periodontium. Also, too tight fit of the prosthesis to the gum or, conversely, the formation of a gap between the prosthesis and the gum, leads to complications when installing dentures. In the first case, the prosthesis mechanically irritates the gums and leads to inflammation. In the second case, food debris or plaque and calculus accumulate in the gap. An error in prosthetics can occur at the stage of making a prosthesis or during its installation.
- Intake of solid food, especially in people with inflamed gums, sometimes accompanied by mechanical damage to the gums.
- Injury from foreign bodies, which may accidentally enter the sulcus or gum tissue ( toothpaste bristles, bones).
The characteristic signs of mechanical damage to the gums are:
- bleeding, which, as a rule, does not disappear until the traumatic factor is eliminated;
- pain in the gums;
- defect in the gum;
- swelling of the gums at the site of injury;
- gum hyperemia;
- ulceration of the mucous membrane at the site of injury.
Treatment of pathologies that cause bleeding gums
For the treatment of pathologies that cause bleeding gums, you should definitely consult a doctor, since self-medication is fraught with complications. Timely access to a doctor is of great importance for the effectiveness of treatment. In this regard, it is recommended to visit the dentist ( even if there are no complaints) for preventive examination and professional oral hygiene. Which doctor should I contact with bleeding gums?
Diagnosis and treatment of the causes of gum bleeding is most often done in dental clinics and dental offices.When bleeding gums appear, you can contact the following specialists:
- Dentist is a doctor who deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral cavity.
- Periodontist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the tissues surrounding the teeth.
- Dental hygienist examines the oral cavity and conducts professional oral hygiene, that is, the removal of soft and hard dental deposits. The dental hygienist also corrects the patient's hygiene skills, that is, teaches the patient proper oral hygiene. It is recommended to visit this specialist every six months.
- Orthodontist carries out diagnostics, treatment and prevention of dental anomalies, correction of the dentition.
- Orthopedist carries out implantation and prosthetics of teeth, correction of prosthetics in case of improper manufacture or installation of prostheses.
Tactics for the treatment of pathologies that cause bleeding gums
The tactics of treating diseases accompanied by bleeding gums, in each case, is selected individually, based on the patient's condition, the severity of the disease. Treatment may be etiotropic ( aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease), pathogenetic ( acting on the mechanism of disease development) and symptomatic. In order to stop bleeding gums, just symptomatic treatment is not enough, so treatment should be comprehensive.Therapeutic tactics has its own characteristics in the treatment of the following pathologies:
- gingivitis;
- periodontal disease;
- periodontitis;
- mechanical damage to the gums.
Tactics for the treatment of gingivitis
The first link in the treatment of gingivitis is to eliminate the causes of the disease. To do this, sanitation of the oral cavity, elimination of traumatic factors, removal of dental deposits is carried out. Removal of dental deposits is carried out using special tools ( curettes, excavators, ultrasonic equipment). After sanitation of the oral cavity, conservative treatment is started. If indicated, surgical treatment is performed.
The main methods used in the treatment of gingivitis are:
- Antibacterial therapy. As a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed. Before prescribing antibacterial drugs, it is advisable to determine the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs can be prescribed for oral administration in the form of tablets, injections into the gums, applications ( applying drugs to a gauze bandage, followed by application to the gums).
- . The most common drugs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have an analgesic effect, relieve inflammation. After a full course of anti-inflammatory treatment, bleeding disappears. In the edematous form of gingivitis, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also be prescribed ( hydrocortisone) for local treatment.
- Physiotherapy methods play an important role in the treatment of gingivitis. Gum massage is very effective, which stimulates microcirculation and accelerates the regeneration of gum tissues, improves the hygienic condition of the oral cavity. Physiotherapy is prescribed only after the implementation of professional oral hygiene.
- Surgery gingivitis is carried out with the ineffectiveness of conservative methods of treatment. Surgical treatment is carried out after preliminary sanitation of the oral cavity. For hypertrophied gingivitis, gingivectomy is performed ( excision of the inflamed gingiva). With ulcerative necrotic gingivitis, after anesthesia of the affected area, necrotic tissues are removed. Removal of necrotic tissue requires care to avoid damage to underlying healthy tissue.
- Antiseptics. As antiseptics, chlorhexidine, metronidazole, furatsilin, phytopreparations ( chamomile tea, green tea). Antiseptics have a local antibacterial effect.
- Keratoplastic preparations. Keratoplastic drugs help accelerate the regeneration of gum tissue. These include actovegin, solcoseryl, vitamin A, vitamin E. These drugs are used in the form of applications.
- vitamin therapy. Vitamin C, B vitamins, rutin are prescribed, which help strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improve microcirculation, and accelerate regeneration. Vitamins may be given by mouth or administered by electrophoresis.
- Sclerotherapy involves the introduction into the gums of drugs that contribute to the replacement of sections of gum tissue with connective tissue. This method is used in the fibrous form of hypertrophic gingivitis. Sclerosing agents are administered under anesthesia. The course of treatment includes an average of 4 - 8 injections. As sclerosing agents, a hypertonic solution of calcium chloride, glucose, calcium gluconate, and ethyl alcohol is introduced.
Tactics for the treatment of periodontal disease
The goal of periodontal disease treatment is to improve blood circulation and regeneration processes in periodontal tissues. The first step in the treatment of periodontal disease is professional hygiene and sanitation of the oral cavity.
The main methods of treatment of periodontal disease are:
- Orthopedic treatment includes splinting and prosthetics. Splinting refers to the combination of several teeth with a splint into one block. Splinting can be temporary and permanent, it is carried out when the mobility of the teeth appears. Quality orthopedic treatment plays a key role in the treatment of periodontal disease.
- Physiotherapy methods are prescribed to improve microcirculation, improve the trophism of periodontal tissues, restore the elasticity of the vascular wall. Massage has a good effect on periodontal disease ( vacuum massage, finger massage, vibration massage), electrophoresis with calcium and fluorine preparations, laser therapy, local magnetotherapy.
- vitamin therapy provides for the appointment of vitamins of group B, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K. The purpose of vitamin therapy is to normalize the metabolism and permeability of the vascular wall, improve microcirculation.
- Surgery. Surgical treatment for periodontitis is prescribed based on the severity of pathological changes in the periodontium. The most commonly prescribed gingivoplasty ( gingival contour correction).
- Medical treatment. Drugs are prescribed that help improve blood circulation, accelerate the process of tissue regeneration. These drugs include trental, insadol.
Tactics for the treatment of periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis should be comprehensive. If the development of periodontitis is associated with systemic pathology, then in parallel with the treatment of periodontitis, its treatment is carried out.
In the treatment of periodontitis, both local and general treatment are used, using conservative and surgical methods of treatment. The first step in the treatment of periodontitis is the rehabilitation of the oral cavity.
Medicines used in the treatment of periodontitis
| Drug group | Group representatives | Mechanism of action |
| Drugs that inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory mediators |
| Provides anti-inflammatory and analgesic anesthetic) Effect. |
| Antibiotics |
| Suppress the reproduction or cause the death of pathogenic microorganisms. |
| Antihistamines |
| They have a sedative and analgesic effect. |
| Preparations that improve microcirculation |
| Improve tissue oxygen supply and microcirculation. |
| Drugs that improve metabolic processes in tissues |
| Reduce the permeability and fragility of capillaries, affect the formation of collagen, activate redox processes in the body. |
If drug therapy is not effective enough, then resort to surgical methods for the treatment of periodontitis.
Surgical treatments for periodontitis include:
- curettage, which involves scraping the contents of the periodontal pocket, removing pathological granulation tissue and processing the roots of the teeth. Curettage is carried out at a depth of periodontal pockets of no more than 4-5 mm, since at such a depth it is possible to visually control the course of manipulation.
- Gingivectomy may be total or partial. More often, partial gingivectomy is performed, which involves excision of the gums in the area of the periodontal pocket and its further processing. Gingivectomy is performed in the presence of periodontal pockets and gingival hypertrophy. The gum is excised to a depth of 3 mm, then the remaining part of the pocket is treated with curettage.
- Gingivotomy provides for the dissection of the gums, after which an open curettage is performed. After curettage, osteostimulating ( stimulating tissue repair) drugs. Gingivotomy is performed in the presence of single and narrow periodontal pockets.
- Flap operations. Flap operations are indicated for moderate and severe periodontitis. The purpose of patchwork operations is to eliminate the periodontal pocket, restore the connective tissue connection and resume bone growth. As a result of this operation, periodontal pockets are eliminated, and a tight fit of the epithelium to the neck of the teeth is ensured.
- Gingivoosteoplasty (restoration of gum tissue and bone tissue) is carried out with generalized periodontitis with a depth of periodontal pockets of 4–8 mm. This type of intervention is highly effective. After anesthesia, vertical incisions are made to the depth of the bone pockets. Next, subgingival dental deposits and granulation tissue are removed, after which gingivoosteoplasty is performed directly. Gingivoosteoplasty is performed using lyophilized ( dried) bone meal, which is injected into the bone pockets after they have been processed. Colapol can also be used, which is injected into the pockets, after which they are filled with an osteostimulating material.
The most common physiotherapeutic methods used in the treatment of periodontitis are:
- electrophoresis is a therapeutic method designed to introduce drugs into the body using electric current weak strength. In dental practice, electrophoresis with vitamins and medicinal substances is used ( calcium, fluorine). The main advantage of this method is that the necessary drugs are injected directly into the affected area.
- laser therapy. The use of laser radiation allows you to slow down the inflammatory process, accelerate the regeneration processes and anesthetize the affected areas. Often, laser therapy is prescribed after surgical interventions.
- Ozone therapy. With the help of ozone therapy, the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms is possible. Also, the action of ozone stimulates tissue regeneration and normalization of blood circulation.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a method that is based on the use of oxygen under high pressure for therapeutic purposes. This method allows you to accelerate the processes of tissue regeneration, increases the effectiveness of other methods of treatment.
- Ultrasound Therapy. With the help of ultrasonic waves, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be administered. Ultrasound helps to reduce inflammation, improve blood circulation.
- Massage (hydromassage, vacuum massage, finger massage). Gum massage helps to accelerate metabolic processes in tissues, reduce swelling, strengthen gum tissue, and relieve pain. Systematically performed gum massage can be used as a means of preventing periodontal disease. It is recommended to do both a finger massage of the gums when brushing your teeth with the help of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes, and massage with the help of special devices.
Tactics of treatment of mechanical damage to the gums
The choice of treatment tactics for mechanical damage to the gums depends on the type, cause, and mechanism of damage. The goal of the treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is to eliminate the effect of the traumatic factor, fight inflammation, and stimulate the regeneration of damaged tissues. It is also important to prevent complications.
Treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is carried out using the following methods:
- Treatment of the damaged area carried out with the help of antiseptics. Rinses with antiseptic solutions are also prescribed.
- Orthopedic treatment performed when the etiological factor is poor-quality dental prosthetics. In this case, repeated prosthetics are performed.
- Anti-inflammatory therapy is also of great importance, since mechanical damage is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion of the periodontium. Anti-inflammatory drugs can be administered orally or topically in the form of applications. The most commonly prescribed drugs are indomethacin, paracetamol, ketorolac.
- Antibacterial therapy can be prescribed for the prevention of purulent complications. As a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed ( ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, penicillin, aztreonam).
- Surgery can be carried out to eliminate periodontal overload in case of dentoalveolar anomalies. In case of deep traumatic injuries, excision of necrotic tissues is performed, sutures are applied.
- Keratoplastic drugs (vitamin A, vitamin E, sea buckthorn oil) are prescribed to accelerate the regeneration processes in damaged areas of the gums.
In the future, patients should strictly observe oral hygiene in order to prevent complications and increase the effectiveness of the treatment. key points in the treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is the elimination of the action of the mechanical factor on the gums. This is necessary to prevent an increase in the intensity, depth and volume of damage, as well as possible complications.
Terms of treatment and prognosis of diseases accompanied by bleeding gums
The terms of treatment and prognosis depend on a large number of factors and are almost always determined individually.The prognosis and timing of the treatment of the causes of bleeding gums depend on the following factors:
- the severity of the disease;
- disease phase ( exacerbation, remission);
- the presence of complications;
- general condition of the patient;
- state of reactivity of the organism;
- following the doctor's recommendations;
- timely visit to the doctor;
- patient's age;
- damage volume ( localized or generalized lesion).
It is difficult to determine the period of cure for periodontal disease, since a complete cure is often not possible. With periodontal disease, treatment is considered effective if it was possible to stop the neurodystrophic process and tissue destruction.
With timely initiation of treatment, the prognosis for periodontitis is favorable. With generalized periodontitis, the healing time is longer. If the etiological factor is not eliminated, the prognosis is not favorable, as this leads to a chronic disease with frequent exacerbations.
The prognosis and terms of treatment of mechanical damage to the gums depend on the intensity of the damage. When the traumatic factor is eliminated and symptomatic therapy is carried out, a complete cure can occur. With the complete and timely elimination of the traumatic factor, the prognosis is favorable.
Prevention of pathologies that cause bleeding gums
Preventive measures can be aimed at preventing the development of gum pathologies or preventing complications.Measures to prevent pathologies that cause bleeding gums are:
- preventive visit to the dentist;
- compliance with oral hygiene;
- use of dental floss;
- periodic replacement of the toothbrush;
- brushing your teeth at least twice a day;
- use of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes.
Why does a child's gum bleed?
Bleeding gums in children is a common problem. In general, the causes of this symptom are similar in children and adults, but bleeding gums in children have their own characteristics. Bleeding gums in children are most often associated with hormonal changes in the child's body. Juvenile gingivitis is diagnosed in 40% of adolescents. Common causes of bleeding gums in children are:
- Juvenile ( youthful) gingivitis. Juvenile gingivitis usually appears in adolescents. This disease is manifested by hypertrophy of the gum tissue and bleeding. Most often, juvenile gingivitis affects the marginal gingiva in the region of the anterior teeth, affecting the vestibular surface ( the surface of the teeth in contact with the lips and cheeks).
- Hypovitaminosis. Hypovitaminosis is especially dangerous for the child's body, since this pathological condition can lead to disruption of the processes of growth and development of the body, metabolic disorders. Bleeding gums are caused by a lack of vitamin C and vitamin K.
- Leukemia. With leukemia, the hematopoietic system is damaged, expressed by uncontrolled production of leukocytes. Pathological changes in the gums with leukemia are called leukemic gingivitis. With this pathology, the gums are hypertrophied, acquire a bluish or purple hue, become loose, ulcerated, bleed when touched or spontaneously.
- Coagulation disorder. With a clotting disorder, which is usually genetic disease, even the slightest mechanical damage to the gum tissue is accompanied by bleeding, which is profuse and does not stop for a long time.
- Teething. Teething in children is a painful process that can disrupt the general condition of the child. Bleeding during eruption appears due to the fact that the erupting tooth violates the integrity of the gums, which leads to its “rupture” in this place. Pain, swelling, redness of the gums, increased salivation and deterioration in general condition may appear long before the eruption. During teething, maintaining oral hygiene is very important and helps to prevent complications ( development of the inflammatory process).
- Poor oral hygiene. This reason is one of the main in the etiology of bleeding gums in children. Often this happens when children neglect the rules of oral hygiene, being unaware of its importance and the possible consequences of poor hygiene.
- Mechanical damage to the gums. This problem is especially common in young children who put foreign bodies in their mouths that injure the oral mucosa and create favorable conditions for the development and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
To eliminate bleeding gums in children, it is recommended:
- follow the rules of oral hygiene;
- regularly visit the dentist semiannually);
- eat rationally;
- limit the use of sweets.
Why does the gum bleed during pregnancy?
Gum disease during pregnancy is quite common. In this regard, some doctors distinguish it as a separate form of gingivitis - pregnancy gingivitis. According to studies, this condition is diagnosed in almost 50% of pregnant women. Bleeding gums are especially common in the first trimester. The gums can bleed when you brush your teeth, apply pressure, and even touch the gums. Bleeding gums during pregnancy is associated with hormonal changes in the body of a pregnant woman. Hormonal restructuring affects the stratified squamous epithelium of the gums, which becomes loose. The gum becomes more sensitive than usual and more susceptible to the action of microorganisms from dental deposits. At the same time, there is a decrease in pH ( increase in acidity) saliva, due to the vital activity of plaque microorganisms. The increase in acidity acts on tooth enamel, which becomes more susceptible to caries.
To strengthen the gum tissue, it is recommended to massage the gums with your fingers or a toothbrush. It is also recommended to use rinsing solutions. An infusion of chamomile or sage helps to relieve bleeding, having a calming and antiseptic effect.
Be aware that gum and dental disease can increase the risk of premature birth. In this regard, pregnant women are advised to visit the dentist regularly ( every two months) for professional oral hygiene. When choosing toothbrushes, it is recommended to opt for soft brushes in order to avoid mechanical injury to the gums.
The main thing is to visit a doctor with gingivitis of pregnant women and observe oral hygiene. It helps in the treatment and prevention of complications. After childbirth, as a rule, inflammatory changes, accompanied by bleeding, disappear.
What to do at home with bleeding gums?
There are many ways to stop bleeding gums at home. The most common method is the use of traditional medicine. The main means of traditional medicine used at home are medicinal herbs and infusions. Folk remedies used for bleeding gums at home are:
- Plantain infusion. Crushed plantain leaves ( 2 - 3 tablespoons) pour a glass of warm boiled water. The resulting composition must be filtered and cooled to room temperature. It is recommended to rinse the mouth with plantain infusion 2-3 times a day.
- Infusion of mountain arnica. A tablespoon of dried arnica flowers is poured with a glass of boiling water, covered with a lid and infused for 30-45 minutes. The infusion must be filtered through a cotton cloth and rinsed in the mouth 3-4 times a day.
- Infusion of primrose officinalis. A tablespoon of dry leaves of primrose officinalis is poured with a glass of boiling water, left under the lid for 30 minutes. The resulting infusion must be filtered. It is recommended to take 3 tbsp. spoons of infusion inside 2 - 3 times a day.
- Infusion of oak bark. To prepare this infusion, pour 2 tablespoons of crushed oak bark with a glass of hot water, cover and leave for 30 minutes. The resulting infusion must be filtered through a cotton cloth and rinsed with it in the mouth 2-3 times a day.
- Aloe leaf uses. Half of the cut leaf of aloe is applied to the affected gums several times a day. You can also use freshly squeezed aloe juice diluted in water to rinse your mouth.
- Rinse solution with salt and soda. To prepare the solution, add a teaspoon of salt and a teaspoon of baking soda to a glass of warm water, and then mix well.
- Camomile tea. To prepare the infusion, it is necessary to pour boiling water over chamomile flowers, leave for 1 hour, strain, after which you can rinse your mouth with infusion.
Why does the gum bleed after tooth extraction?
After tooth extraction, bleeding occurs, which is a consequence of rupture of the dental artery or periodontal and gum capillaries. Normally, such bleeding stops after 5 to 20 minutes. There are cases when the bleeding does not stop or, having stopped for a while, occurs again after a few hours or days. In this case, bleeding is called secondary. The most common causes of gum bleeding after tooth extraction are:
- deep rupture of blood vessels;
- removal of a blood clot formed from the hole of the extracted tooth;
- development of the inflammatory process;
- increased blood pressure;
- vasodilation as a side effect of adrenaline.
Bleeding is stopped by tamponade of the hole with iodoform gauze turunda ( gauze swab), which close the hole after tooth extraction. If the bleeding is caused by tissue rupture, the edges of the gums are stitched together. Often, a hemostatic sponge is introduced into the well, which leads to the fact that the lumen of the bleeding vessels closes and a clot forms.
If the gum bleeds for a long time, you should immediately consult a doctor to identify the causes of its occurrence. Prolonged bleeding can create favorable conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
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