The seven-day week owes its origin to Ancient Babylon, then a new periodicity spread among the Romans, Jews and Greeks, and later reached Western Europe.
The days of the week in European languages are associated with the names of the planets, which are named after the Roman gods. In this regard, the days of the week in European languages have a common etymology. However, the origin of the days of the week in German has certain differences. The Germanic tribes glorified primarily the Germanic-Scandinavian gods, corresponding in their role to the Roman gods, this fact was manifested in the names of the days of the week.
Montag - "day of the moon" refers to the goddess of the moon.
Dienstag - this day is associated with the name of the German-Scandinavian god of the sky Ziu (Tiu, Tyr, Tyr), is an analogue of the god of war Mars. In Germanic mythology, Ziu was considered the god of military prowess.
Mittwoch (Wodanstag) - the day of the week is named after the German-Scandinavian god Wodan (Wodan, Woden, Wotan. Woden is a god who became famous for inventing the runic alphabet, in connection with this, a parallel can be drawn with the god Mercury.
Donnerstag - this day of the week owes its name to the Norse god of thunder (weather) Donar (Donnar), who is identified with Jupiter.
Freitag - the day of the week got its name from the German-Scandinavian goddess of love and fertility Frija (Freya, Frigga), which corresponds to the Roman goddess Venus.
Samstag - this day is not directly related to the name of the planet and deity, but comes from the Hebrew word Sabbat (Shabbat). But the concept of Sabbatai is based on the combination of Stern Saturn (Saturn's star).
The German labor week, like the Russian one, starts on Monday.
der Montag (Mo.) - Monday
der Dienstag (Di.) - Tuesday
der Mittwoch (Mi.) - Wednesday
der Donnerstag (Do.) - Thursday
der Freitag (Fr.) - Friday
der Sonnabend, Samstag (Sa.) - Saturday
der Sonnabend (So.) - Sunday
To indicate events that occur on a particular day of the week, use the preposition am (an + dem):
am Dienstag, am Mittwoch … usw.- on Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.
montags, dienstags ... usw. – (usually) on Mondays, Tuesdays, etc.
Tag und Nacht - day
der Tag (-es, -e) - day
die Nacht (=, Nächte) - night
der Morgen (-s, =) - morning
der Vormittag (-s, -e) - 1st half of the day
der Mittag - lunch
der Nachmittag - 2nd half of the day
der Abend (-s, -e) - evening
am Tag, am Abend, am Morgen usw. - usually in the mornings, in the evenings, etc.
Exception: in der Nacht - at night
To more accurately indicate the time of day, adverbs of time are used:
morgens - in the morning, in the morning
mittags - at lunchtime, in the afternoon
nachts - at night, at night
dienstags - Tuesday, Tuesdays, etc.
It is now 4 pm (not morning). – Es ist 4 Uhr nachmittags.
After lunch (every day) I meet with friends. - Nachmittags treffe ich mich mit meinen Freunden.
My favorite series is shown in the evenings at 6 o'clock. – Meine Lieblingsserie läuft abends um 6 Uhr.
The organic food shop is open Tuesdays and Fridays until 6pm. – Der Bioladen hat dienstags und freitags bis 6 Uhr abends auf.
wann? - When?
vorgesttern ← gestern ← heute → morgen → übermorgen
the day before yesterday ← yesterday ← today → tomorrow → the day after tomorrow
gestern früh/morgen - yesterday morning
gesttern vormittag - before noon yesterday
gestern mittag - yesterday afternoon (at lunchtime)
gestern nachmittag - yesterday afternoon
gestern abend - last night
gestern nacht - last night
similarly: instead of gesttern, heute, morgen, etc. are used.
Monate - months
der Monat (-s, -e) – month
der Januar, der Februar, der März, der April, der Mai, der Juni (Juno*), der Juli (Julei*), der Augúst, der September, der Oktober, der November, der Dezember
* Usually used in telephone conversations to avoid misunderstandings.
der Anfang - the beginning
die Mitte - the middle
das Ende - the end
im Januar, im April usw. - in January, in April, etc.
Anfang Dezember - early December
Mitte August - in mid-August
Ende Mai - at the end of May
Uhrzeit - time
The impersonal pronoun is used to talk about the exact time. es, replacing the subject.
Es ist 3 Uhr.
It's 3 o'clock now.
In Moscow ist es jetzt 5 Uhr nachmittags, in Deutschland ist es erst 3 Uhr.
Wie spat ist es? - What time is it now?
Es ist 8 Uhr. (or: Es ist punkt 8). - 8 ocloc'k.
die Uhr (=, -en) - 1) clock (mechanism); 2) hour (point in time)
die Stunde (=, -n) - 1) hour (length of time); 2) lesson
die Minute (=, -n) – minute
die Sekunde (=, -n) - second
Die Uhr geht richtig. - The clock is correct.
… geht vor. - ... in a hurry.
… geht nach. - … behind.
Do not confuse German nouns Uhr And Stunde, which are translated into Russian in the same way as "hour". Compare:
Es ist 3 Uhr. Ich habe noch Zeit.
Now 3
hours. I still have time.
Ich habe noch 2
stunden, dann muss ich gehen.
I still have two hours then I have to go.
Die Uhr also used in the meaning "watch":
An der Wand hängt eine Kuckucks uhr.
A cuckoo clock hangs on the wall.
Ich habe eine neue Armband uhr.
I have a new wrist watch.
Es ist 4 Uhr (Es ist punkt 4) Es ist halb 5 (Es ist 4.30 Uhr) Es ist Viertel 11. Es ist 15 Minuten nach 10 (Es ist 10.15 Uhr) Es ist 5 Minuten nach 4 (colloquial). Es ist 16.05 Uhr (official version) Es ist 5 Minuten vor 4. Es ist 15.55 Uhr Es ist 5 Minuten vor halb 4 Es ist 15.25 Uhr Es ist Dreiviertel zwei. Es ist Viertel vor zwei (Es ist 13.45 Uhr) Es ist 5 Minuten nach halb 4. Es ist 15.35 Uhr
Wann steht Familie Müller auf?
Familie Müllersteht um 5 Uhr auf.
Wann kocht die Familie Kartoffeln fur Schweine?
Kartoffeln fur Schweine kocht sie um 7 Uhr.
Zeitvergleichstabelle fur europäische Lander
(Time comparison table for European countries)
Westeuropäische Zeit - WEZ = UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) - Western European Time Mitteleuropäische Zeit - MEZ - Central European Time (UTC + 1) Osteuropäische Zeit - OEZ - Eastern European Time (UTC + 2) Moskauer Zeit - MZ - Moscow Time (UTC + 3)WEZ: Portugal, Grossbritannien
MEZ: Deutschland, Norwegen, Belgien, Frankreich, Italien, Jugoslawien, Niederlande, Polen, Schweden, Tschechei, Slowakei, Ungarn, Österreich, Dänemark, Luxemburg, Spanien
OEZ: Bulgarien, Finnland, Rumänien, Türkei, Ukraine, Griechenland
Exercise / ÜBUNGEN
1. Choose the right phrases.
früh morgens, spät abends, gegen Mittag, am frühen Nachmittag, am späten Nachmittag, früh abends, gegen Abend, am frühen Vormittag
For example: 11.52. gegen Mittag
1) 17.50 Uhr ——————————
2) 7.30 Uhr———————————
3) 6.24 Uhr——————————
4) 18.15 Uhr——————————-
5) 13.38 Uhr ——————————
6) 23.35 Uhr ——————————
7) 18.20 Uhr ——————————
8) 11.40 Uhr ——————————
9) 10.05 Uhr ——————————
2. Calculate the day if counting from Sunday.
For example: Heute ist Sonntag. Gestern Mittag war (ist) Samstag Mittag.
1. Vorgestern Mittag
2. Übermorgen Abend
3. Morgen Abend
4. Vor vier Tagen
5. Morgen Nachmittag
6. Gestern morgen
7. In vier Tagen
3. An welchem Wochentag haben deine Freunde dieses Jahr Geburtstag? und deine Family?
beispiel: Tanja hat am (an einem) Samstag Geburtstag.
Alexey hat …
In this lesson, we will look at an important topic related to the year in German. First of all, let's get acquainted with the main words:
Das Jahr- year
der Monat- month
die Woche- a week
der Tag- day
As you can see, the gender of German words in almost every case coincided with Russian, except for the word “year”. It won't be hard to remember.
Seasons
Names of all seasons (die Jahreszeiten)- male:
der Winter- winter
der Fruhling- spring
sommer- summer
der Herbst- autumn
If you want to say that some event happened in spring, winter, summer or autumn, you need a preposition in, which merges with the article into a new preposition im, for example: im Herbst.
Months
Months in German are also masculine:
der Januar- January
der Februar- February
der Marz- March
April- April
der Mai- May
der Juni- June
der Juli- July
der August– august
September- September
der Oktober- October
November- november
dezember- December
The same thing happens with months as with the seasons: if necessary, answer the question “when?”, Use the preposition im, for example: im Oktober. The word does not receive any additional endings.
Days of the week
There are some peculiarities in the names of the days of the week: for example, there are two words for Saturday, one of them (Sonnabend) used in the north of Germany, other (Samstag)- on South. And "Wednesday" is the only day of the week that does not have the word "day" in its name:
der Montag Monday
der Dienstag Tuesday
der Mittwoch Wednesday
der Donnerstag Thursday
der Freitag Friday
der Sonnabend/ der Samstag Saturday
der Sonntag Sunday
Das Wochenende weekend
Remember: the names of all days of the week are pronounced with the stress on the first syllable. And when answering the question "When?" (wann?) happy day of the week you need an excuse am: am Montag.
If you want to talk about an action that is repeated on certain days, a preposition is not needed at all, and an ending is added to the name of the week "s". For example: Sonntags gehen wir ins Kino. Wherein sonntags is an adverb, and in the middle of a sentence will be written with a small letter.
When specifying a gap, use prepositions von And bis. Articles in this case are not needed: Ich arbeite von Montag bis Freitag.
Times of Day
The names of the time of day are also almost all masculine:
der Morgen- morning
der Mittag- day; noon
der Abend- evening
But: die Nacht- night
With the names of the times of the day, the same principle applies as with the days of the week - use the preposition am:
am Morgen
am Mittag
BUT: in der Nacht
Another difference is the use of the preposition with the words noon and midnight:
am Mittag- at noon
um Mitternacht- at midnight
When indicating periodicity, also use the ending "s":
mittags- in the afternoon
abends- in the evening, in the evenings
nachts- at night, at night
Also note the following expressions:
Anfang August- at the beginning of August
Mitte Juni- in mid-June
Ende Januar- in the end of January
Anfang, Mitte, Ende des Jahres- at the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the year
Mitte Sommer- in the middle of summer
Important! To indicate the time, words such as:
heute- Today
gestern- yesterday
morgen- Tomorrow
übermorgen- day after tomorrow
These words will help you say "tonight" or "yesterday morning": heute Morgen, gestern Abend. And to say "tomorrow morning", use the phrase morgen fruh.
Did everyone remember? Check out the exercises!
Tasks for the lesson
Exercise 1. Use the right preposition.
1. … Sommer 2. … der Nacht 3. … Morgen 4. … Mitternacht 5. … April 6. … Winter 7. … Samstag 8. … Dienstag …. Sonntag 9. … September 10. … Mittag
Exercise 2. Translate into German.
1. We watched TV last night. 2. She works on Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays. 3. In the spring we will go to Germany. 4. The day after tomorrow I will buy a car. 5. On Wednesday I go to the theater. 6. Call (anrufen) me tomorrow morning. 7. At the end of December, he will take an exam (eine Prüfung bestehen). 8. She has a birthday in January. 9. On weekends he often cleans up (aufräumen). 10. At the beginning of the year we have a vacation (Urlaub).
Exercise 1.
1. im 2. in 3. am 4. um 5. im 6. im 7. am 8. von … bis 9. im 10. am
Exercise 2.
1. Gestern sahen wir fern. 2. Sie arbeitet montags, donnerstags und freitags. 3. Im Frühling fahren wir nach Deutschland. 4. Übermorgen kaufe ich ein Auto. 5. Am Mittwoch gehe ich ins Theater. 6. Rufe mich morgen fruh an. 7. Ende Dezember besteht sie eine Prüfung. 8. Im Januar hat sie den Geburtstag. 9. Am Wochenende räumt er auf. 10. Anfang des Jahres haben wir Urlaub.
Today we will tell you about a rather interesting topic, such as the days of the week. On German their name and etymology is different from our native language, and it's pretty funny, so let's talk a little about that.
After all, something influenced the primary name of these very days, and the names invented by someone once were fixed and reached the present moment.
So, for starters, just list the days of the week in German:
der Montag - Monday,
der Dienstag - Tuesday
der Mittwoch - Wednesday
der Donnerstag - Thursday
der Freitag - Friday
der Samstag/Sonnabend – Saturday
der Sonntag - Sunday
I will say right away that each of the names of any day of the week in german will be masculine because they end in –tag. By itself, the word tag means day.
And you probably noticed that the name of Saturday is variable, has several different names. However, it is only the first of them that belongs to the official version and, by the way, is much more often used.
Now let's talk about the actual etymology and the differences in it between German and Russian.
Let's start everything days of the week in german at first.
So Monday. If in the Russian version this means the next after the week, then our German the analogue comes from the name of the goddess der Mond, who was the goddess of the moon.
According to the etymology of the word in these languages, the environment coincides and means the middle of the week, although, in theory, the average day of the week is Thursday.
And the etymology of the word Thursday is again different and the Russian language uses the numeral “four” in its name, and German does not disdain the name of Donnaru, who is similar to the god Jupiter.
Friday - everything is simple here, from the word fifth in Russian, and, the loving Scandinavian god, who was also a symbol of fertility - Freya.
For the sixth day of the week - Saturday, there is something in common between our languages, and more specifically, both the Russian and German names of the word came from the word Shabbat, which originally went and spread from the Jews.
Initially, this word is of Jewish origin and at its core it carries a combination of the words star of Saturn. However, there is another name for this word. Sonnabend is the same day off that comes before Sunday. In the GDR, this was the recognized name for the Sabbath. As for Sunday, it is formed from the word "resurrect", and in German, analogue of the name follows from the name of the sun god.
Today I will tell you about the days of the week in German.
This is how they are called: Montag (Monday), Dienstag (Tuesday), Mittwoch (Wednesday), Donnerstag (Thursday), Freitag (Friday), Samstag (Saturday), Sonntag (Sunday).
Remember that the days of the week in German are masculine.
The preposition we use when we want to say When action takes place am.
Am Montag on Monday, am Freitag on Friday, am Sonntag on Sunday.
Am Montag beginnt eine neue Woche.- A new week starts on Monday.
How do you say Monday to Friday in German? Using prepositions von and bis: von Montag bis Freitag.
And if you need to say the phrase: the night from Monday to Tuesday, we use prepositions - vom and zum:
die Nacht vom Montag zum Dienstag- night from Monday to Tuesday
If you do something every Tuesday, every Wednesday, or every other day of the week, then the ending -s is added to the day of the week: Montags — on Mondays ,samstags — on Saturdays.
Was fur einen Tag haben wir heute? = Was haben wir heute?- What day is today?
Heute ist Sonntag. - Today is Sunday.
Gestern war Samstag.- Yesterday was Saturday.
Morgen ist Montag.- Tomorrow is Monday.
Ab Montag bis Freitag arbeite ich. I work from Monday to Friday.
Seit Dienstag habe ich ihn nicht mehr gesehen. I haven't seen him since Tuesday.
Bis Montag! - Till Monday!
Along with the topic “days of the week”, it is worth considering the parts of the day: Morgen - morning, Abend - evening, Vormittag - before noon, Nachmittag - afternoon, Nacht - night. All of them are also masculine, except for the word "night" - which, like in Russian, is a feminine word.
And now attention! The following words are written together. And once, until 1996, they were written separately.
Montagvormittag- Monday afternoon
Montagabend- on Monday night
Montagnacht- Monday night
Montagvormittag wird schneien. It will snow until Monday afternoon.
I prepared the following diagram, which deals with "Tuesday" in different phrases. Instead of Tuesday, of course, any other day of the week can be used. Use:
Days of the week in German: some idioms
With some of the days of the week, the Germans made up idioms and sayings. Of those known to us: not everything is Shrovetide for a cat .. Do you know this one? Here in the German version she uses "Sunday". Alle Tage ist kein Sonntag. Not all days are Sundays.
But you can remake this saying and use it like this: Sie hat alle Tage Sonntag. She has a holiday every day.
About those who shirk work, skip it, they say this: Er macht blauen Montag.
If everything goes according to schedule for a German, he will say: wie der Montag auf den Sonntag klappen.
Loading...