artificial insemination

a complex of infertility treatment methods, including artificial insemination (introduction of the husband's or donor's sperm into the woman's genital tract) and in vitro fertilization, followed by transplantation of crushing embryos into. IN last years develop a method of transplantation of female and male germ cells into the lumen of the fallopian tube.

Artificial insemination (insemination). Depending on the method of introducing sperm, vaginal, intracervical and intrauterine methods of artificial insemination are distinguished. The vaginal method (insertion of semen into the back of the vaginal fornix) is rarely used; it is the simplest, but the least effective, since the vaginal contents can adversely affect. The intracervical method (introduction of sperm into) is also not effective enough due to the possibility of the formation of antisperm antibodies in the cervical mucus. The most effective intrauterine method is the introduction of sperm into the uterine cavity. However, when the titer of antisperm antibodies in the cervical mucus is more than 1:32, they are also found in the uterine cavity; in such cases, a non-specific desensitizing agent is necessary before the introduction of sperm.

Artificial insemination with the husband's sperm is carried out according to the following indications: from the husband's side - the urethra, the absence of ejaculation, with a normal structure and sperm motility; on the part of the woman - anatomical changes in the cervix, not amenable to treatment, the presence of antisperm antibodies in the cervical mucus. in women: acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, true erosion and pseudo-erosion of the cervix.

Before insemination, it is necessary to examine the husband's sperm, exclude tubal-peritoneal and uterine causes of infertility (Infertility). In order to establish the time of ovulation and the presence of a corpus luteum, functional diagnostic tests are carried out (see Gynecological examination), the content of luteinizing hormone and progesterone in the blood is determined. With the help of ultrasound, the diameter of the dominant follicle is determined (see Ovaries).

Insemination is carried out on an outpatient basis for 3-5 menstrual cycles, 2-3 times during the cycle (on the 12-14th day with a 28-day cycle). The necessary conditions are at least +++, the tension of the cervical mucus is at least 8 cm, the diameter of the dominant follicle is not less than 18 mm.

The procedure is carried out in compliance with the rules of asepsis in the position of a woman on a gynecological chair. Husband's sperm, obtained during masturbation after abstinence from sexual intercourse for at least 3 days, is collected in a plastic container 1 ml. A polyethylene one is attached to the syringe (a subclavian catheter can be used), which, without fixing the cervix, is inserted into the cervical canal or into the uterine cavity behind the internal one. Sperm in the amount of 0.4 ml injected into the cervical canal or into the uterine cavity. A cap, usually used for contraception, is placed around the cervix to hold semen (Contraception); the woman remains in the supine position for 30 min.

With a defective luteal phase menstrual cycle(Menstrual cycle) after artificial insemination, it is recommended to introduce drugs that stimulate the development of the corpus luteum (chorionic 750 IU intramuscularly on days 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 of the cycle). With an extended follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, follicle maturation and ovulation are stimulated (preferably under ultrasound control of the diameter of the dominant follicle). To do this, prescribe clomiphene citrate (clostilbegit) at 50-100 mg inside from the 5th to the 9th day of the menstrual cycle and 3000-4500 IU of chorionic gonadotropin is administered intramuscularly on the 12th day of the menstrual cycle. A prerequisite for observation after artificial insemination is the measurement of basal (rectal) temperature or the determination of the content of the β-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood for the purpose of early diagnosis of pregnancy.

Artificial insemination with donor sperm is carried out in case of azoospermia in the husband (absolute indication), as well as in case of oligo- and asthenospermia in the husband in combination with morphological changes in spermatozoa, immunological conflict due to the Rh factor that cannot be treated, hereditary genetically determined diseases in the husband's family (relative ). Contraindications are the same as for insemination with the husband's sperm.

Artificial insemination with donor sperm is carried out after obtaining the consent of both spouses. must be younger than 36 years of age, physically and mentally healthy, free from hereditary diseases and developmental disorders, first-degree relatives must not have more than one case of fetal death and spontaneous abortion. Be sure to conduct the Wasserman reaction and study for HIV infection. When selecting a donor, Rh and blood group affiliation are taken into account, incl. , height, hair and . The donor undertakes never to search for his biological descendants in order to make any claims against them.

Before insemination, it is necessary to conduct a test to detect local antisperm antibodies to the donor's sperm and a test for the ability of spermatozoa to penetrate into the cervical. Approximately 1/3 of women who have previously been inseminated with donor sperm develop local antisperm; their detection is an indication for intrauterine administration of sperm.

For insemination with donor sperm, native or canned can be used. The most common method of semen preservation is cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, which allows you to create a sperm bank and store it for a long time. According to the method recommended by V.I. Grishchenko et al. (1986), sperm is frozen in a subclavian catheter containing a multicomponent preservative. This reduces the temperature and creates favorable conditions for the preservation and survival of spermatozoa. Insemination is carried out using the same catheter, which greatly simplifies the procedure. The technique of introducing sperm into the genital tract of a woman, the method of stimulating ovulation and the corpus luteum are the same as when inseminating with the husband's sperm. Sperm from the same donor should be used for three consecutive menstrual cycles.

The frequency of pregnancy after insemination with the sperm of a husband or a donor is approximately the same and reaches, according to different authors, 30-70%. Women who become pregnant after artificial insemination should be under the supervision of an obstetrician-gynecologist of the antenatal clinic, as well as pregnant women with a aggravated obstetric history. The course of pregnancy and childbirth does not differ from those during normal conception; abnormalities in the development of the fetus occur no more often than in the population.

In vitro fertilization followed by embryo transfer and uterine cavity- one of the modern methods of treatment of female infertility. In the world there are over 5 thousand children born after the fertilization of a woman using this method.

Some success has been achieved in its application, but due to the need to use expensive apparatus and equipment, the use of drugs mainly imported in the USSR, it has been established only in large research and clinical institutions.

Indications: absolute tubal (condition after bilateral tubectomy); obstruction or obstruction of the patency of both fallopian tubes in the absence of the effect of previously performed surgical or long-term (more than 5 years) conservative treatment, infertility, which after a complete clinical examination (including hormonal, endoscopic, immunological) remains unclear; subfertility of the husband's sperm (in case of ineffectiveness of homologous insemination).

Conditions for carrying out: fully preserved functional ability of the uterus to implant the embryo and carry the pregnancy; absence of contraindications for pregnancy and childbirth (due to somatic, mental, genetic diseases of a woman); the preserved ability of the ovaries to adequately respond to exogenous or endogenous stimulation of ovulation, the absence of neoplasms, inflammatory and anatomical changes in the pelvic organs.

The success of the method largely depends on the number of eggs obtained by puncture of preovulatory follicles, and on the number of embryos transferred to the uterus. In this regard, it is necessary to stimulate superovulation by the combined administration of antiestrogen (clomiphene citrate) and gonadotropins (pergonal, human chorionic gonadotropin). B.V. Leonov and his collaborators developed the following schemes for stimulating superovulation: mg per day from the 2nd or 3rd day of the menstrual cycle for 5 days and pergonal 75-150 intramuscularly on the 3rd, 5th, 7th days of the cycle and then daily until the dominant follicle reaches a diameter of 16-18 mm; the second scheme - pergonal 75-150 IU intramuscularly from the 2nd day of the menstrual cycle daily until the dominant follicle reaches a diameter of 16-18 mm. Through 24-48 h after the follicle reaches the indicated dimensions, 5000 - 10000 units of chorionic gonadotropin are injected intramuscularly. According to the authors, the use of these superovulation stimulation schemes leads to the formation of up to 20 follicles, from which up to 60 eggs can be obtained.

During the stimulation of superovulation, a woman is under constant dynamic control: daily ultrasound examination of the ovaries with measurement of the diameter of the follicles, determination of estradiol and luteinizing hormone in the blood.

Puncture of preovulatory follicles is carried out after 34-36 h after the introduction of human chorionic gonadotropin. Previously, it was performed transabdominally, and in recent years it has been performed through the control of vaginal ultrasound sensors, which, compared with the first method, greatly facilitates the visualization of follicles and reduces the incidence of complications (of the pelvic organs and large vessels). In addition, transvaginal puncture of the follicles allows you to aspirate the eggs even with severe adhesive processes in the abdominal cavity. The introduction of this method made it possible to perform in vitro fertilization on an outpatient basis.

The eggs are placed in a special one, into which the spermatozoa obtained after washing the husband's sperm and separating the seminal plasma by centrifugation are also transferred. 200-300 thousand spermatozoa are added to one egg. The process of cultivation of crushing eggs is carried out in a special environment at a temperature of 37 °, absolute humidity, 5% carbon dioxide content, which provides an optimal pH level. At stage 4 or more blastomeres, the crushing embryos are placed in a special plastic catheter and injected through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity (into the area of ​​its bottom) in a minimum volume (0.05 ml) nutrient medium.

After embryo transplantation, a dynamic determination of the β-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood is carried out, which helps to establish the onset of pregnancy from the 7-9th day after transplantation. When pregnancy occurs, women are constantly observed by an obstetrician-gynecologist of the antenatal clinic, as well as pregnant women with a aggravated obstetric history.

The effectiveness of the method increases with the improvement of equipment and drugs to stimulate ovulation. The failure of the method can be due to many reasons, among which the main ones are unsuccessful transfer of the embryo into the uterus, dysfunction of the corpus luteum formed at the site of the hyperstimulated follicle, changes in the endometrium as a result of the use of antiestrogens, lack of synchrony between the degree of maturity of the embryo and endometrium.

The frequency of ectopic pregnancy with this method is, according to different authors, 2-10%, the frequency of miscarriage reaches 40%. Relatively more often than in the population, there is fetal death in childbirth. These complications are not a consequence of this method, but are undoubtedly associated with the age of women and the presence of pathological changes in their reproductive system. Babies are developing normally. The available observations about the faster intellectual and physical development of these children are obviously associated with the special conditions of their life and upbringing.

Transplantation of female and male germ cells into the lumen of the fallopian tube is carried out using a Teflon catheter and a plastic probe as a conductor, which are inserted through the uterine cavity into the lumen of the ampulla of the fallopian tube under ultrasound control using a vaginal sensor. Through the catheter, the eggs (at least three) and 200-600 thousand spermatozoa are injected with a syringe into 50 ml nutrient medium. In this case, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, which is much more physiological than in a test tube. The method is recognized as quite promising for the treatment of infertility of unknown origin, infertility in some forms of endometriosis, as well as infertility caused by impaired spermatogenesis in men. A prerequisite for its use is the patency of the fallopian tubes.

Bibliography: The Barren Marriage, ed. R.J. Pepperella and others. from English, p. 247, M., 1983; Davydov S.N., Kustarov V.N. and Koltsov M.I. Heterological artificial insemination in patients with impaired ovulation processes, Akush. and gynec., No. 9, p. 20, 1987; and Treatment of Barren Marriages, ed. T.Ya. Pshenichnikova, p. 190, M., 1988; Nikitin A.I. The current state of the problem of in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation, Akush. and gynec., No. 8, p. 10, 1989.

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First health care. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic dictionary of medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination is the process of fertilization, which is carried out by introducing sperm directly into the uterus (artificial insemination) or by the in vitro method (outside the body, "in vitro"), i.e. extracorporeal (IVF).

Types of artificial insemination:

1. artificial insemination with husband's or donor's sperm (IISM/IISD);
2. in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Depending on the testimony of a woman, an artificial insemination program is selected.

1. Intrauterine insemination is the introduction of specially prepared sperm using a special catheter directly into the uterine cavity.

   Thus, the sperm does not pass through the barriers of the acidic environment of the vagina and the dense protective mucus of the cervix, and immediately enters the neutral environment of the uterine cavity.

   After that, the spermatozoa independently move to the fallopian tubes and the egg is fertilized in the same way as during natural sexual contact.

   According to the literature, artificial insemination of a woman as a treatment for infertility has been used for more than 100 years. This procedure is carried out only in specialized medical clinics, subject to a complete examination of a man and a woman.

   It is mandatory to study the condition of the uterus and fallopian tubes - hysterosalpingography (X-ray examination using a contrast agent) or laparoscopy (examination of the uterus using an optical device - a laparoscope) to make sure that the reproductive tract is patent.

   For insemination, both native ("live") and cryopreserved sperm (previously thawed) can be used. Sperm before artificial insemination is cleaned and concentrated.

   Artificial insemination is recommended for women with increased viscosity of cervical mucus or acidity of the vaginal environment. On the part of the partner, there may be indications such as erectile dysfunction, a decrease in the number of motile spermatozoa, or increased sperm viscosity, etc.

   The procedure takes place in the operating room of the clinic, on a gynecological chair with a special syringe with a catheter, with the help of which the sperm is introduced into the uterine cavity. After this procedure, you must lie down for 15-20 minutes. The procedure does not require anesthesia.

2. IVF - in vitro fertilization - is a method of artificial insemination, in which male spermatozoa and female eggs (previously extracted from the ovaries) are combined outside the body, in vitro (in "glass", i.e. in a laboratory test tube).

   There, self-fertilization takes place, and the resulting embryos (1 or 2) after a few days are transferred to the woman's uterus, where one or both are implanted in the endometrium (the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity) and develop for 9 months.

   To obtain eggs for 2-3 weeks, ovulation is stimulated with hormonal drugs. After several eggs mature at once, the reproductologist removes them from the ovaries (performs a puncture of the follicles) and transfers them to the embryological laboratory.

   Artificial insemination by ICSI- This is one of the varieties of IVF. In this case, the embryologist, using special instruments under a strong magnification of the microscope, injects the most fertile spermatozoon into the egg.

   The embryo obtained after such fertilization is no different from the embryos conceived naturally, and also, after a few days, it is transferred to the woman's uterus and develops for 9 months. This in vitro fertilization procedure has been successfully used in patients with male factor infertility when there are abnormal sperm counts or after a TESA biopsy for azoospermia.

Donor programs for artificial insemination

If one of the spouses does not have their own healthy sex cells, IVF conception can also be carried out with donor sperm, a donor egg. The donor undergoes a thorough medical and genetic examination before donating his germ cells. Artificial insemination with donor sperm is carried out only after a double examination with an interval of 3 months.

In couples where it is contraindicated for a woman to bear a child (for example, with severe heart disease) or it is physically impossible (due to the absence of a uterus), IVF is used with a surrogate mother.

A big advantage of IVF infertility treatment is that during the cultivation of embryos in the embryological laboratory, it is possible to perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis of the embryo. This modern method allows you to identify (if any) genetic diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, developmental anomalies (malformations). Unlike many other clinics, VitroClinic performs PGD on the entire set of human chromosomes (i.e. on all 46 chromosomes). After such an analysis, only healthy embryos will be transferred to the uterus.

Before any IVF program, the couple undergoes a thorough medical examination in order to identify possible contraindications. The list of such examinations is regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health "On the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the treatment of female and male infertility" and is strictly observed in our clinic.

Where to do artificial insemination in Moscow?

Before consulting a doctor about overcoming infertility, any married couple asks the question: “Where can artificial insemination be done at a high professional level?”

Before choosing such a clinic, adhere to the following recommendations:

• The clinic should employ narrow specialists specifically in the treatment of infertility: gynecologists-reproductologists, urologists-andrologists, embryologists and geneticists.
• The artificial insemination center should use in its work only high-quality and original medications and consumables for IVF.
• True professional reproductive specialists work with each couple individually, i.e. the choice of method, stimulation schemes and support for early pregnancy is selected by a specialist only after a thorough study of the anamnesis of the spouses, past IVF experience (if any), age, current health status, and many others.
• Experienced reproductologists use sparing hormonal stimulation schemes, taking care of the health of their patients and avoiding hyperstimulation.
• To exclude multiple pregnancy, the reproductologist should transfer only one or two embryos (according to indications). Three or more is not allowed.
• The specialists of the clinic you have chosen must be proficient in all the most modern techniques in reproductive medicine: ICSI, PICSI, assisted hatching, genetic diagnostics of the embryo, etc.
• Semen analyzes should be carried out in the laboratory of the clinic itself by specialist embryologists who evaluate not only the morphology of the spermatozoa, but also their fertility.
• Choose a clinic that cooperates with an ISO-certified clinical diagnostic laboratory. The quality of the analyzes performed plays a crucial role in the preparation for IVF.
• Make sure in advance that from the initial consultation to the end of the entire IVF or artificial insemination program, you will be led by the same reproductologist (except for force majeure situations). This indicates the responsibility and focus of the doctor and the clinic on a positive result.
• Give preference to those clinics where doctors leave their contacts to patients for communication. You will have the opportunity to call or e-mail your doctor if you need any clarification or have questions.
• It is good if in the same clinic where you will do IVF fertilization there is an opportunity to stay to observe the pregnancy. Doctors, knowing all the nuances of your pregnancy, and having continuity among themselves, will do everything to bring it to the end - the birth of a healthy child.
• The price in Moscow for artificial insemination programs in different clinics can vary significantly. Be sure to check with the manager how much artificial insemination costs and what exactly is included in each program you are interested in, whether it is possible to add some additional services there, for example, ICSI or hatching, whether there are options with donor cells and embryos. A wide range of different programs is a big plus for the clinic. This means that in such a center, doctors are proficient in all modern ART techniques and can afford to choose any program for each couple.

Artificial insemination is not a method of treating infertility, but a method of overcoming infertility. Thus, it overcomes obstacles to achieve pregnancy. Currently, modern methods of artificial conception are used to overcome almost any causes of male and female infertility and allow those who could not even hope to become parents to bypass many reproductive health problems.

Many couples who are faced with the problem of conception are looking for ways to become parents, in which case the question often arises, which method to choose.

Despite the fact that there are many ways in modern medicine, it is important to start with less radical procedures.

Note!

To achieve the greatest chance of conception, it is important to know the date of ovulation. It is possible to determine its occurrence different ways eg scheduling, tests, .

Before taking action, many women do not go to the doctor, but start asking questions on the Internet search engine, for example, how is insemination done at home, experienced reviews help to gain confidence before the procedure.

However, it is worth getting the advice of your doctor to have an accurate idea of ​​what can and cannot be done during insemination.

What is needed for the procedure

Before starting manipulations, it is necessary to prepare a sterile container for collecting sperm, a disposable syringe without a needle of 10 ml, if necessary, a disposable sterile vaginal dilator is purchased.

The spouse or partner must collect the sperm in a container prepared in advance. You can’t use it right away, you need to wait until it becomes a little thinner.

It takes approximately 10-20 minutes. At this time, the container can be wrapped in a towel to keep it warm, avoiding too high temperatures and shaking.

You can store sperm in this way for no more than two hours.

Step-by-step instruction

It should be understood that it will be impossible for a person without special education to introduce sperm into the uterine cavity itself without damaging it.

Therefore, artificial insemination at home is possible only if the syringe is inserted into the vagina as deeply as possible without damaging the cervix.

The pressure on the plunger of the syringe must be carried out carefully, without damaging the spermatozoa.

If a vaginal dilator was used or it is also called a mirror, then the scheme of actions will be slightly different. For the convenience of its introduction, it is permissible to use a lubricant, without spermicidal lubricant.

The dilator is inserted with a downward slope, at an angle of 45°. The legs of the mirror should be moved apart by 2-3 cm so that the cervix becomes visible. With the help of a latch, the expander is fixed in this position for further actions.

Note!

You can not push the legs of the dilator too wide, so as not to injure the surface of the vagina.

The pressure on the piston should be smooth. The contents of the syringe should not fall into the neck area, but only at its base, as this can lead to injury. After the manipulation, it is necessary to smoothly loosen the dilator and close it, only then remove it from the vagina.

Success rate after home insemination

Both with natural fertilization and insemination, no one can give a 100% guarantee that everything will work out the first time.

According to statistics, if artificial insemination of a woman is carried out at home, then the chances of success are no more than 20%.

It may take not one, but two or three attempts. If a woman has the growth of several eggs, it is best to carry out several such procedures during one cycle, this will increase the chances of a successful conception.

As a rule, when establishing infertility with unexplained reasons for its appearance, it is recommended to first resort to such a procedure as artificial insemination without stimulation.

That is, when the eggs are produced by the body on their own, without the need to take hormonal drugs (for example, duphaston or).

In this case, it will be possible to carry out a similar procedure for six consecutive months no more. If pregnancy does not occur, you will have to resort to the method.

Conclusion

As can be seen from the article, the procedure itself is not very complicated and is quite feasible at home. The percentage of success depends not only on the physical, but also psychological state couples.

It is possible to combine the procedure with sexual intercourse, since it is likely that when a woman has an orgasm, there are more chances for successful fertilization.

However, do not be upset if the attempt was unsuccessful the first time, it is important to have a positive attitude and save your strength so that the body is healthy and strong before pregnancy.

Video: Artificial insemination. Pros and cons

Differences between IVF and artificial insemination

Currently, with the help of new reproductive technologies, the process of artificial conception gives many childless couples diagnosed with infertility the hope of becoming parents.

How is conception

AI is a technology that is used to deliver a baby to women suffering from various types of infertility. Today it is widely used 2 most popular methods of fertilization, each of which has its own specifics:

• artificial insemination
• in vitro fertilization

IVF involves creating conditions for conception outside the body of a woman, while artificial insemination occurs directly inside it.

intrauterine insemination method

The essence of the method is the introduction of the male seed into female body bypassing many different barriers. The main condition is the patency of the fallopian tubes. The fact is that, despite the guaranteed “landing” in the uterine cavity, the sperm must themselves get to the egg. But they can do this only through the fallopian tubes. If there are problems with patency, this method is not recommended.

Before entering the sperm, it is subjected to a special treatment, during which only healthy spermatozoa are left. Thus, not only the quality of sperm is increased, but the risk of having a child with pathological changes is also reduced.

IVF - a laboratory way of the origin of life

Among the scientific achievements of the twentieth century, the method of in vitro fertilization is perhaps one of the most outstanding. By using this method the problem of infertility was almost completely solved.

IVF is a technology that allows you to reproduce the necessary conditions for conception outside the human body. As a rule, this procedure is resorted to by people who, for several years, have failed to conceive a child, and the treatment has been ineffective.

To date, there are about five million IVF children on earth, many of whom have already become parents themselves. At present, we can safely say that children conceived in the laboratory do not have any differences from babies conceived naturally.

IVF technology involves the passage of several stages, during which patients are under the constant supervision of doctors.

1. The first phase involves taking hormonal drugs, with the help of which ovulation is stimulated. This procedure is necessary for the maturation of a large number of eggs.
2. The second stage involves a transvaginal puncture of the follicles, during which mature eggs are extracted.
3. Then comes the third phase. The so-called cultivation of embryos: the resulting egg and sperm are subjected to special treatment, after which they merge (fertilization). Then the embryos must reach a certain stage of development.
4. At the final stage, the embryos are transferred into the uterine cavity for their further development.

As a rule, several embryos are placed in the uterus at once to increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

The cost of the procedure and statistics

It should be noted that no one can guarantee a 100% result that will follow after artificial conception. Some women manage to get pregnant in this way after the first attempt, while others get a negative result after several procedures.

In the case of artificial insemination, the probability of a positive result is about 30%. The cost of the procedure ranges from 15 to 30 thousand rubles..

When using in vitro fertilization, the probability of getting pregnant will be about 40%. The price for IVF varies from 115 to 200 thousand rubles.

If you fail to conceive a child naturally, this does not mean at all that you will not be able to become the genetic parents of your child. Modern medicine really works miracles. The main thing is not to lose hope and move only forward.

Any couple can face the problem of conceiving a child naturally. If the cause of infertility is identified, then you can resort to artificial insemination of eggs.

It is necessary to approach this procedure with full responsibility, because this is an important decision for everyone. The result depends on the correct procedure and compliance with the necessary conditions - a long-awaited pregnancy and the birth of a new life. We will talk about the features of IVF in this article.

The essence of artificial insemination

Artificial insemination is a complex of several procedures, the purpose of which is the onset of pregnancy. The essence of the methods lies in the fact that with the help of medical manipulations, the male seed or embryo is introduced into the female genital tract. Fertilization does not occur naturally, but artificially, hence the name.

Every woman who cannot get pregnant can resort to artificial insemination in the usual way and is able to bear the child throughout the entire period of pregnancy.

Reasons to turn to IVF:

We offer you to watch a video about what is in vitro fertilization:

How does conception take place?

Conception - how does it happen? Natural conception is a rather long process. After sexual intercourse is completed, spermatozoa will have to overcome many obstacles.

1. Initially, the acidic environment of the vagina “weeds out” the weak ones for two hours, and this is basically the majority of spermatozoa.
2. Then the mucous plug in the cervix prevents further progress, but during ovulation, the amount of mucus decreases, thereby allowing the strongest sperm to move further.
3. After that, it is necessary to cope with the epithelial cilia of the fallopian tube, and only then, having collided with the egg, does an attempt begin to get inside it. And when the strongest sperm succeeds, it loses its tail and combines with the egg into one whole - the zygote.

   The path of a fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes is considered very dangerous. Since the tube may narrow due to adhesive processes, the zygote will begin to take root where it stopped. This will lead to ectopic pregnancy, ruptured tubes and other unfortunate consequences.

4. When again passing through the fallopian tube, the egg is in the uterus, it is attached to its wall. From this point on, pregnancy begins.

Important, that during artificial insemination, the sperm enters the uterus much faster. Depending on the reason why pregnancy does not occur, the desired method of conception is selected. The sperm on the day of ovulation can be medically delivered directly to the uterus closer to the egg, or ready-made zygotes (fertilized eggs) are placed in the woman's uterus, where they must attach and form a fetal egg.

We offer you to watch a video on how IVF is performed:

Types of artificial conception operations

The most common types of artificial insemination are:

1. IVF (in vitro fertilization).
2. ICSI or ICIS (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).

Which of the methods to apply is determined by the reproductive specialist, based on the state of health and the cause of infertility of those who wish to become pregnant.

in vitro fertilization

IVF is used in cases where conception does not occur against the background of some diseases of the genital area or with a disease of somatic organs. The essence of this procedure is that, with the help of a certain stimulation, eggs are taken from a woman, and then they are placed in an environment that maintains their viability. Spermatozoa are placed there for 12 hours.

After this time, zygotes are found under a microscope and injected into the woman's uterus. After the procedure, the fertilized egg can only attach to the wall of the uterus followed by a long-awaited pregnancy.

The advantage of this type of artificial insemination is that the sperm does not have to overcome all the obstacles that are after sexual intercourse. However, there is a minus of the method - the procedure is very expensive, and the guarantees of getting pregnant the first time vary from 6% to 35%, depending on the age of the woman. You may need to repeat the procedure and more than once.

ICSI

Fertilization by ICSI is performed when there are indications for IVF and there are very few mobile and high-quality spermatozoa in the man's sperm. After receiving and preparing the sperm with a needle, the spermatozoa are injected directly into the cytoplasm of the egg, thereby fertilizing them. And after that, the zygotes are placed in the uterus to attach to the walls.

The disadvantage of the method is also the high price and the fact that not always conception can occur after the first procedure.

The stages of IVF and ICSI are very similar to each other. The time required for the entire procedure takes up to 6 weeks.

We offer you to watch a video about the ICSI method for IVF:

How is the procedure?

Risks

During artificial insemination of the egg, there are some risks that should be taken into account, as the procedure can result in complications.